COMPARATIVE STRUCTURES WITH A PERSONAL NAME AND AN ADJECTIVE DERIVED FROM A TOPONYM IN THE DIALECTS OF THE KOSTROMA REGION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17072/2037-6681-2018-4-30-42Keywords:
appellativization of proper names, proper name, personal name, adjective derived from a toponym, comparative structure, phraseological unit, semantic derivation, Kostroma dialects.Abstract
The article deals with comparative structures found in the dialects of the Kostroma region which include a personal name and an adjective derived from an oikonym: kak Dunya kasimovskaya <like Dunya kasimovskaya> (< village Kasimovo) ‘about an awkwardly dressed woman’, kak Fedya páryugskiy <like Fedya paryugskiy> (< village Malyi Paryug) ‘about a mad person’, and so on. These idioms characterize a person whose behavior does not conform to the norms of the village (and not only) community (cf. kak Sanya pénomskaya <like Sanya pénomskaya> 'about a woman living away from other people'). These idioms are discussed in terms of their structure and semantics, as well as the functions and onomastic status of their constituents. The authors note that the comparison is not always explicitly expressed and can include different predicates (Chto naryadilsya, kak Anis’ya klimovskaya?! <Why are you dressed up like Anisya klimovskaya?>; Anis’ya klimovskaya idet <Anisya klimovskaya is walking along>). The personal name is often presented by a diminutive, the adjective is usually in the postposition. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the semantic “behavior” of the personal name and the adjective. According to the authors, in comparative structures personal names in combination with adjectives derived from toponyms have the same semantic peculiarities as common derivatives of single personal names: dominance of the negative, diffusivity of meaning and/or polysemy, expressiveness. It is argued that such anthroponyms function as nomination-characteristics and are at the first level of semantic derivation and appellativization. However, the adjective is little exposed to semantic transformations within idioms. Its basic function of geo-referencing the object remains unchanged, which, to a certain extent, restrains appellativization of the anthroponym, thus reminding that the nomination is based on the comparison with a real person.References
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