Relativism in science and valuable relations
Philosophy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2016-4-50-56Keywords:
value relation, relativism, scientific cognition, truth, objectivity, essent, scientific rationality, axiology, practiceAbstract
Subject of research is understanding of the causes and consequences of cognitive relativism in scientific knowledge and philosophy of science. The relationship between categories of objectivity, truth, scientific rationality is analyzed, and praxeological model of their association is suggested. The article substantiates the assertion that«sociological turn» in thinking about scientific rationality is a form of relativism. Deprived of support to the true knowledge of the laws of nature and society, scientific knowledge is inevitably slipping into relativism, when scientific rationality is replaced by the sociology of knowledge. Based on the analysis, the article argues that relativism in science contradicts our understanding of the value relation, as it deprives scientific activities to achieve sense of truth as purpose of cognition. Objective truth is attained in the process of cognition, when the practice eliminates possible illusions about the true state of affairs. Value relation, along with the essent, substantiates the invariance of the «objective» truth for different communities of scientists. Without support of all subjects of cognition on general knowledge of essent, without exact ascertaining the facts occurring change of essent, knowledge becomes an empty fantasy. The alternative to relativism and dogmatism in the understanding of truth must become a concept that removes the antagonism of these points of view, and make them moments of generalized praxeological concept.References
Автономова Н.С. От языковых экспериментов к анализу апорийных ситуаций (о так называемом «постмодернистском релятивизме» в концепции Жака Деррида) // Релятивизм как болезнь современной философии. М.: Канон+: РООИ «Реабилитация», 2015. С. 265–298.
Борисов В.Н. Избранные труды по философии и методологии науки. Самара: НВФ «Сенсоры. Модули. Системы», 1999. 223 c.
Гибсон Дж. Экологический подход к зрительному восприятию. М.: Прогресс, 1988. 464 с.
Гуссерль Э. Кризис европейских наук и трансцендентальная феноменология. СПб.: Владимир Даль, 2004. 399 с.
Дубровский Д.И. Относительное и абсолютное. К проблеме концептуального осмысления релятивизма // Релятивизм как болезнь современной философии. М.: Канон+: РООИ «Реабилитация», 2015. С. 41–60.
Лекторский В.А. Релятивизм и плюрализм в современной культуре // Релятивизм как болезнь современной философии. М.: Канон+: РООИ «Реабилитация», 2015. С. 5–31.
Ленин В.И. Материализм и эмпириокритицизм // Полное собрание сочинений. М.: Изд-во полит. лит., 1968. Т. 18. С. 7–384.
Макаров А.Б. Принцип дополнительности Бора и проблема его статуса // Научный ежегодник Института философии и права Уральского отделения Российской академии наук. 2012. Вып. 12.
С. 98–109.
Севальников А.Ю. Философский анализ онтологии квантовой теории: дис. … д-ра филос. наук. М., 2005. 200 с.
Стёпин В.С. Классика, неклассика, постнеклассика: критерии различения // Постнеклассика: философия, наука, культура. СПб.: Изд. дом «Мiръ», 2009. С. 249–295.
Черткова Е.Л. Скептицизм и релятивизм: от искания истины к ее отрицанию // Релятивизм как болезнь современной философии. М.: Канон+: РООИ «Реабилитация», 2015. С. 104–136.
Фреге Г. Логика и логическая семантика: сборник трудов. М.: АспектПресс, 2000. 512 с.
Bloor D. Knowledge and Social Imagery. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1991. 211 p.
References
Avtonomova N.S. [From linguistic experiments to the analysis of aporia emergencies (about the so-called «postmodern relativism» in the concept of Jacques Derrida)]. Relyativizm kak bolezn sovremennoy filosofii [Relativism as a disease of modern philosophy]. Moscow, «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya» Publ., 2015, pp. 265–298. (In Russian).
Borisov V.N. Izbrannye trudy po filosofii i metodologii nauki [Selected works on philosophy and methodology of science]. Samara, NVF «Sensory. Moduli. Sistemy» Publ., 1999, 223 p. (In Russian).
Gibson J.J. Ekologicheskiy podkhod k zritelnomu vospriyatiyu [The ecological approach to visual perception]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1988, 464 p. (In Russian).
Husserl E. Krizis evropeyskikh nauk i transtsendentalnaya fenomenologiya [Crisis of European sciences and transcendental phenomenology]. Saint Petersburg, Vladimir Dal’ Publ., 2004, 399 p. (In Russian).
Dubrovskiy D.I. [The relative and absolute. On the problem of conceptual understanding of relativism]. Relyativizm kak bolezn sovremennoy filosofii [Relativism as a disease of modern philosophy]. Moscow, «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya» Publ., 2015, pp. 41–60. (In Russian).
Lektorskiy V.A. [Relativism and pluralism in contemporary culture]. Relyativizm kak bolezn sovremennoy filosofii [Relativism as a disease of modern philosophy]. Moscow, «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya» Publ., 2015, pp. 5–31. (In Russian).
Lenin V.I. [Materialism and Empirio-criticism]. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy [Full composition of writings]. Moscow, Izdatelstvo politicheskoy literaturyi Publ., 1968, vol. 18, pp. 7–384. (In Russian).
Makarov A.B. [Bohr’s principle of complementarity and the problem of its status]. Nauchnyy ezhegodnik Instituta filosofii i prava Uralskogo otdeleniya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk [The Scientific Yearbook of the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the UrD RAS], 2012, iss. 12. pp. 98–109. (In Russian).
Sevalnikov A.Yu. Filosofskiy analiz ontologii kvantovoy teorii: dis. … d-ra filos. nauk [Philosophical analysis of the ontology of quantum theory: dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy], Moscow, 2005, 200 p. (In Russian).
Stepin V.S. [Classical, non-classical, post- nonclassical: distinguishing criteria]. Postneklassika: filosofiya, nauka, kul’tura [Post-non-classical: philosophy, science, culture], Saint Petersburg, Mir Publ., 2009, pp. 249–295. (In Russian).
Chertkova E.L. [The skepticism and relativism: from search for truth to its denial]. Relyativizm kak bolezn sovremennoy filosofii [Relativism as a disease of modern philosophy]. Moscow, «Kanon+» ROOI «Reabilitatsiya» Publ., 2015, pp. 104–136. (In Russian).
Frege F.L.G. Logika i logicheskaya semantika. Sbornik trudov [The logic and logical semantics. Collection of works]. Moscow, Aspekt Press Publ., 2000, 512 p. (In Russian).
Bloor D. Knowledge and Social Imagery. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, 1991, 211 р. (In English).
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Perm University Herald. Philosophy. Psychology. Sociology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
