Age-gender and family factors of fears and anxiety in older preschool children
Psychology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2019-4-561-574Keywords:
Older preschoolers, fears, anxiety, parenting styles, parent-child emotional interactionAbstract
The article is devoted to the study of fears and anxiety of senior preschool children in connection with age-sex and family factors (structural and content characteristics of the family). The study involved 80 mother-child dyads: 38 boys and 42 girls 5-6 years old from St. Petersburg. It was revealed that the total number of fears in preschool children corresponded to the age norm, with high anxiety. The most pronounced fears were fears of death, of animals and fairy-tale characters, and of physical harm. In general, girls have more pronounced fears than boys. Children with siblings had more pronounced medical fears. No differences in anxiety by factors of gender, age and structural characteristics of the family were found. In the total sample, it was shown that fears were less pronounced when the sphere of parental feelings was expanded, and anxiety was more pronounced when sanctions were excessive, which was natural, but less pronounced when conflict between spouses was brought into the sphere of parenting. In boys, the total number of fears is lower with pandering hyperprotection, and anxiety is higher with mothers' acceptance of the parenting role, excessive sanctions, and ignoring the child's needs, and lower with underdeveloped parenting feelings. The total number of fears in girls was higher when mothers projected their own undesirable qualities onto the child and lower when the sphere of parental feelings was expanded, and anxiety was lower when there was indulgent hyperprotection. Overall, the hypothesis of the study was confirmed: the maturity of parenting style characteristics and well-being in the emotional interaction between mothers and children were predictors of the absence of pronounced fears and moderate anxiety. At the same time, predictors for the emotional well-being of preschool children are also those parenting style characteristics of mothers that indicate their emotional involvement and softness, but are not considered to be mature.References
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