Связь переживания тревоги и нарушений внимания в цифровую эпоху: обзор исследований

Психология

Авторы

  • Дмитрий Евгеньевич Мерзляков Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, 614990, Пермь, ул. Букирева, 15

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2024-4-556-567

Ключевые слова:

тревога, тревожность, тревожное расстройство, внимание, нарушения внимания, СДВГ, адаптационный потенциал личности, зависимость от медиаконтента, медиамультизадачность

Аннотация

В статье представлен обзор исследований, посвященных влиянию медиаконтента на адаптационный потенциал личности. Рассматривается связь между уровнем тревожности и нарушениями внимания у человека в условиях цифровой реальности. Воздействие медиаконтента анализируется через такие механизмы, как медиамультизадачность и зависимость от медиаконтента. В ходе анализа литературы выявлены две закономерности. Первая: потребление медиаконтента связано с переживанием тревоги, которая формирует избирательность внимания к стимулам: человек избегает информации, вызывающей тревогу. Из-за избирательности человек чаще обращается к материалу, который является субъективно одобряемым, игнорируя негативные материалы, в том числе новостные повестки, что снижает уровень его осведомленности. Вторая: человек стремится включать одобряемый материал в повседневные дела, например, совмещать рабочие процессы с просмотром видео, что снижает устойчивость внимания из-за постоянного переключения между разными источниками информации. В результате этого человек чаще смещает внимание на негативную информацию, что усиливает его тревогу. Таким образом, бесконтрольное потребление медиаконтента негативно влияет на психическое здоровье человека и в долгосрочной перспективе приводит к появлению симптомов синдрома дефицита внимания и гиперактивности, а также развитию тревожных расстройств. Поэтому автор подчеркивает важность развития осознанности и управления медиапотреблением для сохранения психического здоровья и повышения адаптационного потенциала личности.

Биография автора

Дмитрий Евгеньевич Мерзляков, Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, 614990, Пермь, ул. Букирева, 15

старший преподаватель кафедры общей и клинической психологии

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References

Barry, T.J., Vervliet, B. and Hermans, D. (2015). An integrative review of attention biases and their contribution to treatment for anxiety disorders. Frontiers in Psychology. Vol. 6. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00968/pdf (accessed 21.06.2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00968

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Lai, F., Wang, L., Zhang, J., Shan, Sh., Chen, J. and Tian, L. (2023). Relationship between social media use and social anxiety in college students: Mediation effect of communication capacity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Vol. 20, iss. 4. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/4/3657/pdf?version=1676722781 (accessed 21.06.2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043657

Li, Sh. and Fan, L. (2022). Media multitasking, depression, and anxiety of college students: Serial mediating effects of attention control and negative information attentional bias. Frontiers in Psychiatry. Vol. 13. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.989201/pdf (accessed 21.06.2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.989201

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Lopez, R.B., Brand, J. and Gilbert-Diamond, D. (2019). Media multitasking is associated with higher body mass index in pre-adolescent children. Frontiers in Psychology. Vol. 10. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02534/pdf (accessed 21.06.2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02534

Mahalingham, T., Howell, J. and Clarke, P.J.F. (2022). Attention control moderates the relationship between social media use and psychological distress. Journal of Affective Disorders. Vol. 297, pp. 536–541. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.071

Meer, D. van der, Hoekstra, P.J., Rooij, D. van, Winkler, A.M. et al. (2018). Anxiety modulates the relation between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder severity and working memory-related brain activity. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. Vol. 19, iss. 6, pp. 450–460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2017.1287952

Najmi, S., Kuckertz, J.M. and Amir, N. (2012). Attentional impairment in anxiety: Inefficiency in expanding the scope of attention. Depression and Anxiety. Vol. 29, iss. 3, pp. 243–249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20900

O’Day, E.B. and Heimberg, R.G. (2021). Social media use, social anxiety, and loneliness: A systematic review. Computers in Human Behavior Reports. Vol. 3. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S245195882100018X/pdfft?md5=5cbc419ffb7b4862b0b80a0216d76e3a&pid=1-s2.0-S245195882100018X-main.pdf (accessed 21.06.2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100070

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Qin, Y., Omar, B. and Musetti, A. (2022). The addiction behavior of short-form video app TikTok: The information quality and system quality perspective. Frontiers in Psychology. Vol. 13. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.932805/pdf (accessed 21.06.2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.932805

Ra, Ch.K., Cho, J., Stone, M.D., De La Cerda, J. et al. (2018). Association of digital media use with subsequent symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among adolescents. JAMA. Vol. 320, no. 3, pp. 255–263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.8931

Rioja, K., Cekic, S., Bavelier, D. and Baumgartner, S.E. (2023). Unravelling the link between media multitasking and attention across three samples. Technology, Mind, and Behavior. Vol. 4, iss. 2. Available at: https://tmb.apaopen.org/pub/tmb0000106/release/1 (accessed 21.06.2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/tmb0000106

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26-12-2024

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Вестник 2024 Выпуск 4

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Copyright (c) 2024 Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология

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