The Speech Act of Gratitude in Russian and Persian Linguacultures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2022-2-54-62Keywords:
speech act; gratitude; Russian linguaculture; Persian linguаculture; speech etiquette; taārof.Abstract
The article studies the speech act of gratitude in Russian and Persian linguacultures. It describes the peculiarities of the linguistic means of verbalization of gratitude from the linguacultural and pragmalinguistic points of view. The study of these aspects is particularly important as it reveals the specific features of the speech behaviour of Russian and Persian speakers when expressing gratitude. The aim of this paper is to identify the similarities and differences in the ways of expressing gratitude and to systematize the linguistic means specific to this speech act in both languages. The study employed the methods of observation and experimentation as well as communicative-pragmatic and comparative analysis. The Russian-language material was taken from the Russian National Corpus. Due to the absence of such a corpus in Persian, the Persian-language material was based on our personal observations and records of oral speech. The study distinguishes four types of grammatical constructions in the Russian language in comparison with Persian that are used when expressing gratitude. The inventory of linguistic means conveying the content of gratitude in Persian linguaculture has been found to be much wider than in Russian. It has been revealed that, unlike the Russians, the Iranians express gratitude verbosely and supplement it with some other remarks, being manifestation of Iranian etiquette behaviour called taārof, ‘taarof’. Gratitude in Russian and Persian linguacultures is also manifested in well wishes. This research is the first to present the results of a comparative analysis of gratitude in Russian and Persian linguacultures, revealing the national and cultural specificity of this speech act.References
Айвазова В. В. Когнитивное исследование фрейма-сценария «благодарность» в различных видах англоязычного и немецкоязычного дискурса: автореф. дис. ... канд. филол. наук. Сургут, 2011. 19 с.
Бо У. Речевой жанр благодарности в русском языке: дис. … канд. филол. наук. М., 2014. 178 с.
Богданов В. В. Речевое общение: прагматические и семантические аспекты. Л.: Изд-во Ленингр. гос. ун-та, 1990. 88 с.
Вежбицкая А. Речевые акты // Новое в зарубежной лингвистике: сб. ст. Вып. 16: Лингвистическая прагматика. М., 1985. С. 251–275.
Гловинская М. Я. Семантика глаголов речи с точки зрения теории речевых актов // Русский язык в его функционировании. Коммуникативно-
прагматический аспект / Т. Г. Винокур [и др.]; отв. ред. Е. А. Земская, Д. Н. Шмелев. М., 1993. С. 158–218.
Имас А. В. Выражение благодарности в немецком языке: на материале литературных и лексикографических источников с XVII по XX вв.: дис. … канд. филол. наук. Тверь: Твер. гос. ун-т, 2001. 173 с.
Носрати А. Речевой акт пожелания в русскоязычном коммуникативном поведении: дис. ... канд. филол. наук. Минск: Белорус. гос. ун-т, 2015. 121 с.
Остин Дж. Л. Слово как действие // Новое в зарубежной лингвистике: сб. ст. М., 1986. Вып. 17: Теория речевых актов. С. 22–130.
Падучева Е. В. Высказывание и его соотнесенность с действительностью: референциальные аспекты семантики местоимений / отв. ред. В. А. Успенский. М.: Наука, 1985. 271 с.
Рубинчик Ю. А. Грамматика современного персидского литературного языка. М.: «Восточная литература» РАН, 2001. 600 с.
Серль Дж. Р. Классификация иллокутивных актов // Новое в зарубежной лингвистике: сб. ст. Вып. 17: Теория речевых актов. М., 1986. С. 170–194.
Сковородина С. В. Прагматика реактивных речевых актов в немецком диалогическом дискурсе (концепты «благодарность» и «извинение»): автореф. дис. … канд. филол. наук. СПб., 2004. 20 с.
Сюзянь Ли. Концепты «благодарность» и «извинение» в языковой картине мира русских: С точки зрения носителя китайского языка и культуры: автореф. дис. … канд. филол. наук. М., 2006. 23 с.
Уткина М. А. Семантика и функционирование единиц речевого этикета тематической группы «пожелание» (на материале русской драматургии): дис. … канд. филол. наук. СПб., 2002. 234 с.
Формановская Н. И. Русский речевой этикет: лингвистический и методический аспекты. 4-е изд. М.: URSS: ЛКИ, 2008. 156 с.
Формановская Н. И. Речевой этикет в русском общении: теория и практика. М.: ВК, 2009. 333 с.
Anvari H. Sokhan Comprehensive Dictionary. Vol. 3. Tehran: Sokhan Publications, 2002.1076 p.
Brown P., Levinson S. Politeness: Some Univer-sals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 358 p.
Khany R., Gheitasi M., Afshar T. Investigating Thanking Speech Act in Ilami Kurdish // Journal of Western Iranian Languages and Dialects. 2020. Vol.8 (30). P. 13–29.
Leech G. Principles of Pragmatics. Longman: London, 1983. 250 p.
Pisarek L. Речевые действия и их реализация в русском языке в сопоставлении с польским (экспрессивы). Wrocław: Wydaw. Uniw. Wrocławskiego, 1995. 173 p.
References
Ayvazova V. V. Kognitivnoe issledovanie freyma-stsenariya ʽblagodarnost'ʼ v razlichnykh vidakh angloyazychnogo i nemetskoyazychnogo diskursa. Avtoref. dis. kand. filol. nauk [Cognitive research on the frame ʽgratitudeʼ in various types of English and German discourse. Abstract of Cand. philol. sci. diss.]. Surgut, 2011. 19 p. (In Russ.)
Bo U. Rechevoy zhanr blagodarnosti v russkom yazyke. Diss. kand. filol. nauk [The speech genre of gratitude in the Russian language. Cand. philol. sci. diss.]. Moscow, 2014. 178 p. (In Russ.)
Bogdanov V. V. Rechevoe obshсhenie: pragmaticheskie i semanticheskie aspekty [Speech Communication: Pragmatic and Semantic Aspects]. Leningrad, Leningrad State University Press, 1990. 88 p. (In Russ.)
Vezhbitskaya A. Rechevye akty [Speech acts]. Novoe v zarubezhnoy lingvistike: sbornik statey [The New in Foreign Linguistics: Collection of articles]. Moscow, 1985, issue 16. Lingvisticheskaya pragmatika [Linguistic pragmatics], pp. 251–275. (In Russ.)
Glovinskaya M. Ya. Semantika glagolov rechi s tochki zreniya teorii rechevykh aktov [Semantics of speech verbs from the point of view of the speech act theory]. Russkiy yazyk v ego funktsionirovanii. Kommunikativno-pragmaticheskiy aspect [The Russian Language and Its Functioning. Communicative and Pragmatic Aspect]. T. G. Vinokur et al. Ed. by E. A. Zemskaya, D. N. Shmelev. Moscow, 1993, pp. 158–218. (In Russ.)
Imas A. V. Vyrazhenie blagodarnosti v nemetskom yazyke: na materiale literaturnykh i leksikograficheskikh istochnikov s 17 po 20 vv. Diss. kand. filol. nauk [Expression of gratitude in the German language: based on the material of literary and lexicographic sources from the 17th to the 20th centuries. Cand. philol. sci. diss.]. Tver, 2001. 173 p. (In Russ.)
Nosrati A. Rechevoy akt pozhelaniya v russkoyazychnom kommunikativnom povedenii. Diss. kand. filol. nauk [The speech act of wish in the Russian-language communicative behaviour. Cand. philol. sci. diss.]. Minsk, 2015. 121 p. (In Russ.)
Austin J. L. Slovo kak deystvie [Word as action]. Novoe v zarubezhnoy lingvistike: Sbornik statey [The New in Foreign Linguistics: Collection of articles]. Moscow, 1986, issue 17. Teoriya rechevykh aktov [The speech act theory], pp. 22–130. (In Russ.)
Paducheva E. V. Vyskazyvanie i ego sootnesennost' s deystvitel'nost'yu: referentsial'nye aspekty semantiki mestoimeniy [An Utterance and Its Correlation with the Reality: Referential Aspects of the Semantics of Pronouns]. Ed. by V. A. Uspenkiy. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1985. 271 p. (In Russ.)
Rubinchik Yu. A. Grammatika sovremennogo persidskogo literaturnogo yazyka [Grammar of the Modern Persian Literary Language]. Moscow, ‘Vostochnaya literatura’ RAS Publ., 2001. 600 p. (In Russ.)
Searle J. R. Klassifikatsiya illokutivnykh aktov [A classification of illocutionary acts]. Novoe v zarubezhnoy lingvistike [The New in Foreign Linguistics: Collection of articles]. Moscow, 1986, issue 17. Teoriya rechevykh aktov [The speech act theory], pp. 170–194. (In Russ.)
Skovorodina S. V. Pragmatika reaktivnykh rechevykh aktov v nemetskom dialogicheskom diskurse (kontsepty ʽblagodarnost'ʼ i ʽizvinenieʼ). Dis. kand. filol. nauk [Pragmatics of reactive speech acts in German dialogical discourse (the concepts of ʽgratitudeʼ and ʽapologyʼ). Abstract of Cand. philol. sci. diss.]. St. Petersburg, 2004. 20 p. (In Russ.)
Syuzyang Li. Kontsepty ʽblagodarnost'ʼ i ʽizvinenieʼ v yazykovoy kartine mira russkikh: S tochki zreniya nositelya kitayskogo yazyka i kul'tury. Avtoref. dis. kand. filol. nauk [The concepts of ʽgratitudeʼ and ʽapologyʼ in the linguistic picture of the world of the Russians: From the point of view of a native speaker of the Chinese language and culture. Abstract of Cand. philol. sci. diss.]. Moscow, 2006. 23 p. (In Russ.)
Utkina M. A. Semantika i funktsionirovanie edinits rechevogo etiketa tematicheskoy gruppy ʽpozhelanieʼ (na materiale russkoy dramaturgii).
Diss. kand. filol. nauk [Semantics and functioning
of units of speech etiquette of the thematic group ʽwishʼ (based on the material of Russian drama). Cand. philol. sci. diss.]. St. Petersburg, 2002. 234 p. (In Russ.)
Formanovskaya N. I. Russkiy rechevoy etiket: lingvisticheskiy i metodicheskiy aspekty [Russian Speech Etiquette: Linguistic and Methodical Aspects]. 4th ed. Moscow, URSS: LKI Publ., 2008. 156 p. (In Russ.)
Formanovskaya N. I. Rechevoy etiket v russkom obshchenii: teoriya i praktika [Speech Etiquette in Russian Communication: Theory and Practice]. Moscow, VK Publ., 2009. 333 p. (In Russ.)
Anvari H., Sokhan Comprehensive Dictionary. Tehran, Sokhan Publications, 2002, vol. 3, 1076 p. (In Pers.).
Brown P., Levinson S. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1987. 358 p. (In Eng.)
Khany R., Gheitasi M., Afshar T. Investigating Thanking Speech Act in Ilami Kurdish. Journal of Western Iranian Languages and Dialects, 2020, vol. 8 (30), pp. 13–29. (In Pers.)
Leech G. Principles of Pragmatics. London, Longman, 1983. 250 p. (In Eng.)
Pisarek L. Rechevye deystviya i ikh realizatsiya v russkom yazyke v sopostavlenii s pol'skim (ekspressivy) [Speech actions and their implementation in Russian in comparison with Polish (expressives)]. Wroclaw, University of Wroclaw, 1995. 173 p. (In Russ.)
