EVERYDAY PROHIBITIONS AND PRESCRIPTIONS IN THE SPEECH CULTURE OF THE PERM OLD BELIEVERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2019-3-71-79Keywords:
subdialects of the Old Believers, speech genre, formulas of etiquette, prescriptions, linguistic means of expressing a prohibition.Abstract
The article considers set expressions with connotations of prohibition and prescriptions recorded in the speech of the Old Believers of the Perm region. These prescriptive statements reflect the worldview of representatives of the Old Believers’ culture and the value system of the religious society as well as serve as a means of its representatives’ self-identification. Particular attention is paid to the expressions that organize everyday behavior.The investigated expressions as a speech genre contain explanations for the basic categories of human existence and the rules of conduct. The reflected system of prohibitions and prescriptions is connected with human spirituality: religious origins retain their leading role in life and its practices and often take the form of its hyper-sacralization. Verbal prohibitions and permissions are mainly based on the opposition ‘my own’ – ‘someone else’s’, where ‘my own’ is associated with the right, proper, just behavior, whereas ‘someone else’s’ – with the opposite (from the Antichrist). Deviant behavior is estimated as sinful: in prohibitions and prescriptions lexemes ‘sin’ and ‘wicked’ are used at a high level of frequency.The analysis of the studied materials shows that expressions of prohibitions and prescriptions demonstrate a high level of preservation despite the fact that in modern conditions some norms have lost their relevancy (they either have been reduced or have completely disappeared) and the existing rules have been weakened. The expressions recorded in the speech of the Perm Old Believers mostly correlate with the prescriptions of the Old Believers from other territories of Russia. At the same time, they are evidently different in their component composition and artistic features (rhyme and rhythm that are often created by dialectal vocalization and folk and etymologic parallels). The explanations of existing norms and rules (narratives of an interpretational character) are not identical either. Therefore, prescriptions have their own local specificity typical of the Perm region, which manifests itself mainly at the lexical level.References
Абукаева Л. А. Марийские запреты: к вопросу о природе и специфике // Вестник Марийского государственного университета. 2016. № 1(21). С. 82–86.
Бойко Е. С. Коммуникативное поведение староверов в акте трапезования // Вестник Красноярского государственного педагогического университета им. В. П. Астафьева. Филология. 2012. № 1(19). С. 240–243.
Владыкина Т. Г. Поверья в системе этносоциальной регламентации // Удмуртский фольклор: проблемы жанровой эволюции и систематики. Ижевск: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, 1997. С. 249–279.
Волкова Т. Ф. Повести и легенды о табаке в контексте мифопоэтических представлений о смерти // Смерть как феномен культуры. Сык-тывкар, 1994. С. 75–95.
Гайсина Ф. Ф. Запреты как фольклорный жанр в традиционной культуре башкир: автореф. дис. … канд. филол. наук. Казань, 2013. 27 с.
Дронова Т. И. Тематический словарь посло-виц, поговорок и присловий Усть-Цильмы / авт.-сост. Т. И. Дронова. Сыктывкар: Коми научный центр УрО РАН. 2014. 167 с.
Зеленин Д. К. Табу слов у народов Восточной Европы и Средней Азии. Ч. II. Л., 1929. 165 с.
Иванова Н. В. Запреты и предписания староверов Латгалии // Научный диалог. 2014. № 4(28): Филология. С. 74–87.
Кабакова Г. И. Пищевые запреты восточных славян и их обоснование. Категория оценки и система ценностей в языке и культуре / отв. ред. С. М. Толстая. М.: Индрик, 2015. С. 167–186.
Морозова Н., Новиков Ю. Чудное Причудье: Фольклор староверов Эстонии. Тарту: HUMA, 2007. 336 с.
Назари Ф. Способы выражения запрета в русском языке // Вестник Нижегородского университета им. Н. И. Лобачевского. 2011. № 6(2). С. 684–686.
Архимандрит Палладий. Обозрение пермского раскола, так называемого «старообрядства» / Палладий Пьянков. СПб.: тип. Духовнаго журн. «Странник», 1863. 47 с.
Паликова О. Н. Этикет в речи старообрядцев и в словаре говора // Лексический атлас русских народных говоров: материалы и исследования. 2010. СПб., 2010. С. 424–434.
Руссинова Т. В. Особенности функционирования запрета: На материале русского и английского языков: автореф. дис. … канд. филол. наук. Саратов: Сарат. гос. ун-т им. Н. Г. Чернышевского, 2006. 21 с.
Шахов М. О. Старообрядческое мировоззрение: Религиозно-философские основы и отношение к обществу: автореф. дис. … д-ра филос. наук. М., 2000. 51 с. URL: https://vivaldi.nlr.ru/bd000226299/view (дата обращения: 01.17.2019).
References
Abukaeva L. A. Mariyskie zaprety: k voprosu o prirode i spetsifike [Mari taboos: on the nature and specific]. Vestnik Mariyskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Vestnik of the Mari State University], 2016, issue 1 (21), pp. 82–86. (In Russ.)
Boyko E. S. Kommunikativnoe povedenie staroverov v akte trapezovaniya [Communicative behavior of Old Believers during the act of meal]. Vestnik Krasnoyarskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. V. P. Astaf’eva [Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V. P. Astafiev], 2012, issue 1(19), pp. 240–243. (In Russ.)
Vladykina T. G. Pover’ya v sisteme etnosotsial’noy reglamentatsii [Beliefs in the system of ethno-social regulation]. Udmurtskiy fol’klor: problemy zhanrovoy evolyutsii i sistematiki [Udmurt folklore: issues of genre evolution and systematics]. Izhevsk, Udmurt Institute of History of Language and Literature of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Press, 1997, pp. 249–279. (In Russ.)
Volkova T. F. Povesti i legendy o tabake v kontekste mifopoeticheskikh predstavleniy o smerti. Smert’ kak fenomen kul’tury [Stories and legends about tobacco in the context of mythopoetic ideas about death. Death as a cultural phenomenon]. Syktyvkar, 1994, pp. 75–95. (In Russ.)
Gaysina F. F. Zaprety kak fol’klornyy zhanr v traditsionnoy kul’ture bashkir. Diss. kand. filol. nauk [Taboos as a folklore genre in the traditional culture of the Bashkirs. Cand. philol. sci. diss.]. Kazan, 2013. 27 p. (In Russ.)
Dronova T. I. Tematicheskiy slovar’ poslovits, pogovorok i prisloviy Ust’-Tsil’my [Thematic dic-tionary of proverbs, sayings and bywords of Ust-Tsilma]. Syktyvkar, Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Publ., 2014, 167 p. (In Russ.)
Zelenin D. K. Tabu slov u narodov Vostochnoy Evropy i Sredney Azii [Taboo words of peoples across Eastern Europe and Central Asia]. Leningrad, 1929, 165 p. (In Russ.)
Ivanova N. V. Zaprety i predpisaniya staroverov Latgalii [Latgale old believers’ prohibitions and injunctions]. Nauchnyy dialog [Scientific Dialogue], 2014, issue 4(28), pp. 74–87. (In Russ.)
Kabakova G. Pishchevye zaprety vostochnykh slavyan i ikh obosnovanie. Kategoriya otsenki i sistema tsennostey v yazyke i kul’ture [Food taboos of the Eastern Slavs and their justification. Evaluation category and value system in the language and culture]. Moscow, Indrik Publ., 2015, pp. 167–186. (In Russ.)
Morozova N., Novikov Yu. Chudnoe Prichud’e: Fol’klor staroverov Estonii [Wonderful Prichudye: Folklore of Estonian Old Believers]. Tartu, Huma Publ., 2007. 336 p. (In Russ.)
Nazari Fateme. Sposoby vyrazheniya zapreta v russkom yazyke [Means of expressing prohibition in the Russian language]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N. I. Lobachevskogo [Vestnik of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod], 2011, issue 6(2), pp. 684–686. (In Russ.)
Archimandrite Palladiy Obozrenie permskogo raskola tak nazyvaemogo staroobryadstva [Review of the Perm split of the so-called Old Believers as presented by Palladiy P’yankov]. St. Petersburg, Spiritual journal ‘Strannik’ Publ., 1863, 47 p. (In Russ.)
Palikova O. N. Etiket v rechi staroobryadtsev i v slovare govora. Leksicheskiy atlas russkikh narodnykh govorov: materialy i issledovaniya [Etiquette in the speech of the Old Believers and dialect dictionary. Lexical atlas of Russian folk dialects: materials and research 2010]. St. Petersburg, 2010, pp. 424–434. (In Russ.)
Russinova T. V. Osobennosti funktsionirovaniya zapreta: Na materiale russkogo i angliyskogo yazykov. Diss. kand. filol. nauk [Peculiarities of prohibition functioning: a case study of the Russian and English languages. Cand. philol. sci. diss.]. Saratov, Saratov State University named after N. G. Chernyshevskiy Press, 2006. 21 p. (In Russ.)
Shakhov M. O. Staroobryadcheskoe mirovozzrenie: Religiozno-filosofskie osnovy i otnoshenie k obshchestvu. Avtoreferat diss. dokt. filosof. nauk [The Old Believers’ outlook: Religious and philosophical foundations and attitudes towards society. Abstract of Dr. philos. sci. diss.]. Moscow, 2000. Available at: https://vivaldi.nlr.ru/bd000226299/view (In Russ.)
