THE IMAGE OF GOD AS A REFLECTION OF THE OLD GERMANIC MODEL OF THE WORLD (a Case Study of the Old Icelandic and Old English Languages)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17072/2037-6681-2017-4-94-102Keywords:
mythological world model, religious worldview, Old Germanic languages, archetype of God, cultural images, cultural interference.Abstract
The research deals with the peculiarities of interaction of the mythological and religious world models of the ancient Germans and their influence on the image of God in the Old Germanic culture.Christianization of the north tribes was of a heterogeneous nature and took centuries to span the whole territory of Britain and the border area. Cross-cultural interaction of two dominating religions – paganism on the one hand and Christianity on the other – gave birth to the so called interference of mythological and religious world models. Evidence of this process is detected and comprised in the texts written during the Early Middle Ages, where components of Christian and pagan culture simultaneously coexist within one written record.The analysis of this cultural interference is performed on the basis of the Old English and Old Norse languages. The influence of the religion on the linguistic worldview and perception of the world by the ancient Germanic people are considered. Lexical units used to denote God in Cædmon’s Hymn are investigated, and components of the Christian and pagan world perception are elicited. Correlation between God and a ruler of a Germanic tribe (konung) in the world model of the ancient Germans is revealed. The author studies the archetype of God, which formed the basis of foundational stories, whereas the Sun embodies a tool with the help of which God demonstrates his power and conveys his will, besides it functions as a mediator between the Earth (which is represented by a konung) and God. One of the objectives of this article is to detect an intermediate stage which took place between paganism and Christianity. The author attempts to find the connection between the worldview of people and its reflection in the language, and to trace the modification of the former world model apart from the factors which caused the changes of this worldview.References
Бердникова Д. А. Англо-шотландская баллада как объект сопоставительного изучения: лингвокогнитивный аспект: дис. …канд. филол. наук. М., 2014. 251 с.
Бранстон Б. Забытые боги Англии / пер. с англ. З. Ю. Метлицкой. М.: Новый Акрополь, 2014. 224 с.
Гак В. Г. Пространство вне пространства // Логический анализ языка. Языки пространств / под ред. Н. Д. Арутюновой, И. Б. Левонтиной. М., 2000. С. 127–134.
Гуревич А. Я. Избранные труды. Древние германцы. Викинги. СПб.: Изд-во С.-Петерб. ун-та, 2007. 352 с.
Гуревич А. Я. Избранные труды. Средневековый мир. СПб.: Изд-во С.-Петерб. ун-та, 2007. 560 с.
Гуревич А. Я. Категории средневековой культуры. М.: Искусство, 1984. 350 с.
Кассирер Э. Мифологическое мышление. Философия символических форм: в 3 т. М.: Академ. Проект, 2011. 279 с.
Маковский М. М. Сравнительный словарь мифологической символики в индоевропейских языках: образ мира и миры образов. М.: Владос, 1996. 416 с.
Манерко Л. А. Типы знаний, определяющие древнеанглийскую категорию пространства // Когнитивные исследования языка. Москва; Тамбов, 2008. С. 210–233.
Мельникова Е. А. Меч и лира. Англосаксонское общество в истории и эпосе. М.: Мысль, 1987. 203 с.
Мечковская Н. Б. Язык и религия. Лекции по филологии и истории религий. М.: Агентство «ФАИР», 1988. 352 с.
Полное Солнечное затмение. Электронный каталог затмений. URL: http://www.secl.ru/eclipse_
catalog (дата обращения: 17.05.2017).
Семенов Ю. И. Производство и общество: учебник / под ред. И. А. Гобозова. М.: Изд. Савин С. А., 2003. С. 236–266.
Смирницкая О. А. Избранные статьи по германской филологии. М.: МАКС Пресс, 2008. 472 с.
Смирницкий А. И. Хрестоматия по истории английского языка с VII по XVII в. М.: Академия ИЦ, 2008. 304 с.
Стурлусон C. Круг Земной. М.: Наука, 1980. 691 с.
Фролов – Философский словарь / под ред. И. Т. Фролова. М.: Политиздат, 1981. 445 с.
Черепанова И. А. Пространственно-временной континуум древнегерманской картины мира // Язык и культура. 2009. Вып. 3(7). С. 88–93.
Шеллинг Ф. Историко-критическое введение в философию мифологии // Шеллинг Ф. Собр. соч. М., 1989. Т. 2. С. 160–374.
Etheridge Ch. A Systematic Re-evaluation of the Sources of Old Norse Astronomy // Culture and Cosmos. England: Sophia Centre Press, 2014. Vol. 16. Р. 119–131.
Grimm F. Astronomical Lore in Chaucer. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Studies in Language, Literature and Criticism, 1919. 106 p.
Mason L. Genesis A. Translated from the Old English by Lawrence Mason. New York: Holt, 1915. 86 p.
Norrœn Dýrð. Online Source of Eddas. URL: http://norse.ulver.com/src.html (дата обращения: 04.01.2017).
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: аn Electronic Edition. Online Source of Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. URL: http://asc.jebbo.co.uk (дата обращения: 12.05.2017).
Thury E., Devinney M. Introduction to Mythology. Contemporary Approaches to Classical and World Myths. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. 944 p.
Wright Th. Popular Treatises on Science Written during the Middle Ages, in Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman, and English. Michigan: University of Michigan Library, 1841. 212 p.
References
Berdnikova D. A. Anglo-shotlandskaya ballada kak ob”ekt sopostavitel’nogo izucheniya: lingvokognitivnyy aspekt. Diss. kand. filol. nauk. [English-Scottish ballade as an object of contrastive analysis: linguo-cognitive aspect. Cand. philol. sci. diss.]. Мoscow, 2014. 251 p. (In Russ.)
Branston B. Zabytye bogi Anglii [The Lost Gods of England]. Transl. from English by Z. Yu. Metlitskaya. Мoscow, Novyy Akropol’ Publ., 2014. 224 p. (In Russ.)
Gak V. G. Prostranstvo vne prostranstva [Space outside the space]. Logicheskiy analiz yazyka. Yazyki prostranstv [Logical analysis of the language. Languages of the space]. Ed. by N. D. Arutyunova, I. B. Levontina. Moscow, 2000, pp. 127–134. (In Russ.)
Gurevich A. Ya. Izbrannye trudy. Drevnie germancy. Vikingi [Selected Works. The ancient Germans. Vikings]. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg University Press, 2007. 352 p. (In Russ.)
Gurevich A. Ya. Izbrannye trudy. Srednevekovyy mir [Selected Works. The Medieval world]. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg University Press, 2007. 560 p. (In Russ.)
Gurevich A. Ya. Kategorii srednevekovoy kul’tury [Categories of the medieval culture]. Мoscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1984. 350 p. (In Russ.)
Сassirer E. Mifologicheskoe myshlenie. Filosofiya simvolicheskih form: v 3 t. [Mythological way of thinking. Philosophy of the symbolical forms: in 3 vols.] Moscow, Akademicheskiy proekt Publ., 2011. 279 p. (In Russ.)
Makovskiy M. M. Sravnitel’nyy slovar’ mifologicheskoy simvoliki v indoevropeyskikh yazykakh: obraz mira i miry obrazov [Comparative dictionary of mythological symbols in the Indo-European languages: the image of the world and the worlds of images]. Moscow, Vlados, 1996. 416 p. (In Russ.)
Manerko L. A. Tipy znaniy, opredelyayushchie drevneangliyskuyu kategoriyu prostranstva [Types of knowledge denoting the old English category of space]. Kognitivnye issledovaniya yazyka [Cognitive Language Research]. Moscow; Tambov, 2008, pp. 210–223. (In Russ.)Mel’nikova Е. А. Mech i lira. Anglosaksonskoe obshchestvo v istorii i epose [Sword and lyre. Anglo-Saxon society in history and epos]. Мoscow, Mysl’ Publ., 1987. 203 p. (In Russ.)
Mechkovskaya N. B. Yazyk i religia. Lektsii po filosofii i istorii religiy. [Language and religion. Lectures on philology and history of religions]. Мoscow, agency “FAIR” Publ., 1988. 352 p. (In Russ.)
Polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie. Online database of solar eclipses. Available at: http://www.secl.ru/
eclipse_catalog (accessed 17.05.17) (In Russ.)
Semenov Yu. I. Proizvodstvo i obshchestvo
[Industry and society]. Ed. by I. A. Gobozova. Moscow, publisher S. A. Savin, 2003, pp. 236–266. (In Russ.)
Smirnickaya O. A. Izbrannye stat’i po germanskoy filologii [Selected papers on Germanic Linguistics]. Moscow, MAKS Press, 2008. 472 p. (In Russ.)
Smirnitskiy A. I. Krestomatiya po istorii angliyskogo yazyka s 7 po 17 v. [Anthology on the history of the English language from the 7th to 17th centuries]. Мoscow, AcademiaIC Publ., 2008. 304 p. (In Russ.)
Sturluson S. Krug Zemnoy [Circle of the Earth]. Мoscow, Nauka Publ., 1980. 691 p. (In Russ.)
Filosofskiy slovar’ [Philosophical dictionary]. Ed. by I. T. Frolov. Moscow, Politizdat Publ., 1981. 445 p. (In Russ.)
Cherepanova I. A. Prostranstvenno-vremennoy kontinuum drevnegermanskoy kartiny mira [Space-time continuum in the Old Germanic model of the world]. Yazyk i kul’tura [Language and culture]. Tomsk, 2009, issue 3(7), pp. 88–93. (In Russ.)
Schelling F. Istoriko-kriticheskoe vvedenie v filosofiyu mifologii. Sobranie sochineniy [Historical-Critical Introduction to the Philosophy of Mythology. Collection of papers]. Moscow, 1989, pp. 160–374. (In Russ.)
Etheridge Ch. A Systematic Re-evaluation of the Sources of Old Norse Astronomy. Culture and Cosmos, vol. 16. England, Sophia Centre Press, 2014, pp. 119–131. (In Eng.)
Grimm F. Astronomical Lore in Chaucer. Lincoln, Nebraska, University of Nebraska Studies in Language, Literature and Criticism, 1919. 106 p. (In Eng.)
Mason L. Genesis A. Translated from the Old English by Lawrence Mason. New York, Holt, 1915. 86 p. (In Eng.)
Norrœn Dýrð. Online source of Eddas. Available at: http://norse.ulver.com/src.html (accessed 04.01.17). (In Eng.)
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: An Electronic Edition. Online Source of Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Available at: http://asc.jebbo.co.uk (accessed 12.05.17). (In Eng.)
Thury E., Devinney M. Introduction to Mythology. Contemporary Approaches to Classical and World Myths. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2016. 944 p. (In Eng.)
Wright Th. Popular Treatises on Science Written during the Middle Ages, in Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman, and English. Michigan, University of Michigan Library, 1841. 212 p. (In Eng.)
