Эмпирическая состоятельность концепта  «социальный капитал»: проблема дезориентированных ответов: Социология

Александр Евгеньевич Кузнецов

doi:10.17072/2078-7898/2018-3-450-462

Авторы

Александр Евгеньевич Кузнецов Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, 614990, Пермь, ул. Букирева, 15

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2018-3-450-462

Ключевые слова:

социальный капитал, качественное интервью, инновация

Аннотация

В статье предложена простая техника анализа интервью с целью подтверждения эмпирической состоятельности такого неоднозначного концепта, как «социальный капитал». Под эмпирической состоятельностью здесь понимается способность концепта обозначать реальный объект (феномен), «референт» этого концепта. Цель статьи — не обнаружение феномена «социальный капитал», а описание некоторых методологических условий такого обнаружения. Эта цель достигается путем объяснения ответов интервью, не соответствующих ожидаемым ответам, — ответам, на получение которых были ориентированы вопросы интервью. Такие ответы, отклоняющиеся от исследовательской, плановой вопрос-ответной модели, мы называем дезориентированными ответами. Работа с такими ответами в статье рассмотрена на примере относительно простого вопроса о возможном контексте социального капитала: «Как могут работники помочь в усовершенствовании организации производства?» Ответы в большинстве своем касались мотивации и барьеров участия работников, т.е. не соответствовали вопросу. Кроме того, они показали, что работники одного подразделения могут давать взаимоисключающие оценки практик участия. Противоречия в ответах отражают структуры релевантности и объяснения, разнящиеся в зависимости от вовлеченности респондента в инновации на производстве. Мы полагаем, что ответы ориентированы не столько на смысл вопроса, сколько проблем участия в инновациях, отраженных в опыте респондентов. Следовательно, дезориентированные ответы можно рассматривать в качестве подтверждения способности вопроса исследовать реально существующие отношения на производстве.

Биография автора

Александр Евгеньевич Кузнецов , Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, 614990, Пермь, ул. Букирева, 15

кандидат социологических наук, доцент кафедры социологии

Библиографические ссылки

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