Распознавание детьми 3–5 лет эмоциональной лицевой экспрессии людей разного возраста
Психология
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2019-4-575-585Ключевые слова:
распознавание эмоций, лицевая экспрессия, социальное познание, модель психического, понимание неверных мнений, дошкольный возрастАннотация
Была изучена роль возраста модели в успешности распознавания дошкольниками эмоциональной экспрессии сверстников, подростков, взрослых и пожилых людей. Цель исследования состояла в выявлении взаимосвязи успешности распознавания эмоций людей разного возраста и уровня развития модели психического как способности понимать ментальные состояния других людей, в том числе и по внешним проявлениям в поведении. Для оценки успешности распознавания эмоций людей разного возраста авторами была создана база фотоснимков людей четырех возрастных групп; на снимках модели демонстрировали радость, печаль, страх, гнев. В каждой серии детям предъявлялись фотографии одного человека и ставилась задача ответить, является ли человек на изображении радостным, грустным, испуганным или сердитым. Развитие модели психического оценивалось с помощью задач на понимание визуальной перспективы 1-го и 2-го уровней, источника знаний и неверных мнений. В исследовании приняли участие 60 детей 3-х и 5-ти лет, посещающих детские сады г. Москвы. С целью обработки полученных данных применялся U-критерий, Z-критерий, коэффициент корреляции Спирмена. Результаты исследования продемонстрировали возрастную динамику в распознавании базовых эмоций детьми дошкольного возраста и взаимосвязь распознавания эмоций и модели психического. Не было обнаружено достоверных предпочтений в распознавании эмоций собственной возрастной группы, однако пятилетние дети лучше распознавали эмоции по лицевой экспрессии детских лиц (сверстников и подростков), чем взрослых и пожилых людей. Интерпретация результатов позволяет сделать предположение о возможном влиянии на распознавание опыта взаимодействия со сверстниками.Библиографические ссылки
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