ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND POLITICAL PERCEPTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2026-1-50-63Keywords:
artificial intelligence, political perception, political values, ideological orientation, experiment, scaling, correlation analysisAbstract
The features of perception and interpretation of political text generated using artificial intelligence are studied in the paper. Based on the theoretical foundations of the axiological approach, experimental testing was conducted among undergraduate students of political science at the Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod. A set of methods was used during the testing and processing of the results: scaling, statistical analysis (correlation), comparative analysis, and the construction of contingency tables. Experimental testing was carried out in early to mid-April 2025 and involved working with texts of definitions of the concept of "Political Values" formulated by Russian scientists and generated by the popular AI chatbot: ChatGPT. The results of the study showed that the success of deter-mining the artificial nature of the text (generated using artificial intelligence) is affected by the frequency of AI use. In turn, the frequency of AI use is not a determining factor in assessing the degree of ideologization of AI-generated texts. The study showed that the ideological nature of AI text is determined by test participants based on the degree to which it focuses on society and the state rather than on individuals.References
Алексеев, Р. А. (2020) ‘Искусственный интеллект на службе государства: аргументы «за» и «против»’, Журнал политических исследований, 2, сс. 58–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12737/2587-6295-2020-58-69 [Alekseev, R. A. (2020) ‘Artificial intelligence in the service of the state: pros and cons’[Iskusstvennyi intel¬lekt na sluzhbe gosudarstva: argumenty «za» i «protiv»], Journal of Political Research, 2, pp. 58–69. (In Russ.)].
Богдан, И. В. (2014) ‘Политические ценности в современной России: когнитивные, эмоциональные и поведенческие аспекты’, Проблемный анализ и государственно-управленческое проектирование, 3(7), cc. 24–34. [Bogdan, I. V. (2014) ‘Political values in modern Russia: cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects’[Politicheskie tsennosti v sovremennoi Rossii: kognitivnye, emotsional'nye i povedencheskie aspekty], Prob¬lem analysis and public administration projection, 3(7), pp. 24–34. (In Russ.)].
Быков, И. А. (2020) ‘Искусственный интеллект как источник политических суждений’, Журнал политических исследований, 2, cc. 23–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12737/2587-6295-2020-23-33 [Bykov, I. A. (2020) ‘Artificial intelligence as a source of political thinking’[Iskusstvennyi intellekt kak istochnik politicheskikh suzhdenii], Journal of Political Research, 2, pp. 23–33. (In Russ.)].
Володенков, С. В., Федорченко, С. Н., Печенкин, Н. М. (2023) ‘Влияние цифровой среды на современное мировоззрение: Pro et Contra’, Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология, 1(25), cc. 113–133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2023-25-1-113-133 [Volodenkov, S. V., Fedorchenko, S. N., Pechenkin, N. M. (2023) ‘Influence of the digital environment on the contemporary worldview: Pro Et Contra’[Vlijanie cifrovoj sredy na sovremennoe mirovozzrenie: Pro et Contra], RUDN Journal of Political Science, 1(25), pp. 113–133. (In Russ.)].
Володенков, С. В., Федорченко, С. Н., Печенкин, Н. М. (2024) ‘Риски, угрозы и вызовы внедрения искусственного интеллекта и нейросетевых алгоритмов в современную систему социально-политических коммуникаций: по материалам экспертного исследования’, Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология, 2(26), cc. 406–424. DOI: https://doi.org/
22363/2313-1438-2024-26-2-406-424 [Volodenkov, S. V., Fedorchenko, S. N., Pechenkin, N. M. (2024) ‘Risks, threats, and challenges of introducing artificial intelligence and neural network algorithms into the contemporary system of socio-political communications: The results of expert study’[Riski, ugrozy i vyzovy vnedrenija iskusstvennogo intellekta i nejrosetevyh algoritmov v sovremennuju sistemu social'nopoliticheskih kommunikacij: po materialam jekspertnogo issledovanija], RUDN Journal of Political Science, 2(26), pp. 406–424. (In Russ.)].
Зимин, В. А. (2012) ‘Политические ценности как стимулы и барьеры российской модернизации’, Вестник Волжского университета им. В. Н. Татищева, 4(11), cc. 135–143. [Zimin, V. A. (2012) ‘Political values as stimulus and barriers of the Russian modernization’[Politicheskie tsennosti kak stimuly i bar'ery rossiiskoi modernizatsii], Vestnik of Volzhsky University after V.N. Tatischev, 4(11), pp.135–143. (In Russ.)].
Каминченко, Д. И., Петухов, А. Ю. (2024) ‘Анализ особенностей репрезентации кандидатов на выборах в президенты США 2024 года в приложении генеративного искусственного интеллекта ChatGPT’, Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Литературоведение. Журналистика, 4(29), cc. 772–787. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2024-29-4-772-787 [Kaminchenko, D. I., Petuhov, A. Ju. (2024) ‘Analysis of the features of representation of candidates in the 2024 US presidential elections in the application of generative artificial intelligence’[Analiz osobennostej reprezentacii kandidatov na vyborah v prezidenty SShA 2024 goda v prilozhenii generativnogo iskusstvennogo intellekta ChatGPT], RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism, 4(29), pp. 772–787. (In Russ.)].
Мельников, А. В. (2015) ‘Формирование общественно-политического потенциала российской молодежи в процессе политической социализации’, Среднерусский вестник общественных наук, 5(10), cc. 105–109. [Mel'nikov, A.V. (2015) ‘Formation of political potential of the Russian youth in the course of political socialization’[Formirovanie obshchestvenno-politicheskogo poten-tsia¬la rossiiskoi molodezhi v protses¬se politicheskoi sotsializatsii], Central Rus-sian Bulletin of Social Sciences, 5(10), pp.105–109. (In Russ.)].
Петухов, А. Ю., Каминченко, Д. И. (2024) ‘Анализ текстов о спорном статусе Тайваня, созданных языковой моделью ChatGPT’, Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Литературоведение. Журналистика, 3(29), cc. 593–611. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2024-29-3-593-611 [Petuhov, A. Ju., Kaminchenko, D. I. (2024) ‘Analysis of ChatGPT-generated texts on Taiwan’s disputed status’[Analiz tekstov o spornom statuse Tajvanja, sozdannyh jazykovoj model'ju ChatGPT], RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism, 3(29), pp. 593–611. (In Russ.)].
Селезнева, А. В. (2019) ‘Концептуально-методологические основания политико-психологического анализа политических ценностей’, Вестник Томского государственного университета. Философия. Социология. Полито¬логия, 49, cc. 177–192. [Selezneva, A. V. (2019) ‘Conceptual and methodological foundations of the politicalpsychological analysis of political values’ [Kontseptual'no-metodologicheskie osnovaniya politiko-psikhologicheskogo analiza politicheskikh tsennostei], Tomsk State University Journal of Philosophy, Sociology and Political Science, 49, pp. 177–192. (In Russ.)].
Селезнева, А. В., Антонов, Д. Е. (2020) ‘Ценностные основания гражданского самосознания российской молодежи’, Вестник Томского государственного университета. Философия. Социология. Политология, 58, cc. 227–241. [Selezneva, A. V., Antonov, D. E. (2020) ‘The value bases of the civic consciousness of the Russian youth’[Tsennostnye osno¬vaniya grazhdanskogo samosoznaniya rossiiskoi molodezhi], Tomsk State University Journal of Philosophy, Sociology and Political Science, 58, pp. 227–241. (In Russ.)].
Федорченко, С. Н. (2020) ‘Феномен искусственного интеллекта: гражданин между цифровым аватаром и политическим интерфейсом’, Журнал политических исследований, 2, cc. 34–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12737/2587-6295-2020-34-57 [Fedorchenko, S. N. (2020) ‘Artificial intelligence phenomenon: citizen between digital avatar and political interface’[Fenomen iskusstvennogo intellekta: grazhdanin mezhdu tsifrovym avatarom i politicheskim interfeisom], Journal of Political Research, 2, pp. 34–57. (In Russ.)].
Шестопал, Е. Б. (ред.) (2008) Политическая социализация российских граждан в период трансформации. М.: Некоммерческое партнерство «Новый хронограф». 552 с. [Shestopal, E. B. (eds.) (2008) Political socialization of Russian citizens during the period of transformation [Politicheskaya sotsializatsiya rossiiskikh grazhdan v period transformatsii]. Moscow: Izdatelstvo “Novyj hronograf”. 552 p. (In Russ.)].
Cap, C. H., Martens, A. (2025) ‘ChatGPT über sich selber: Ein Interview’. In: Martens, A., Cap, C. H. (eds) Schreibende KI – ein interdisziplinärer Diskurs. ars digitalis. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 55–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-45839-3_2
Fellmann, M., Bongertmann, H., Götz, N., Pommerencke, C. (2025) ‘Einsatz KI-gestützter Systeme für Literaturreviews Explorative Analyse und kritische Reflexion’. In: Martens, A., Cap, C. H. (eds) Schreibende KI – ein interdisziplinärer Diskurs. ars digitalis. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 165–194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-45839-3_7
Sucharowski, W. (2025) ‘Sich schreibend und lesend die Welt erschließen – verkürzt ChatGPT die Wege?’ In: Martens, A., Cap, C. H. (eds) Schreibende KI – ein interdisziplinärer Diskurs. ars digitalis. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 195–209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-45839-3_8
Von Lucke, J., Gollasch, K. (2022) ‘Bürger-beteiligung 2.0.’ In: Open Government. Edi¬tion eGov-Campus. Springer Gabler, Wies¬baden, pp. 103–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36795-4_5
Von Lucke, J., Gollasch, K. (2022) ‘Zusammenarbeit 2.0.’ In: Open Government. Edition eGov-Campus. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden, pp. 123–144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36795-4_6
Geiger, C., von Lucke, J. (2025) ‘Transformation des Politikzyklus durch Open Data und künst¬liche Intelligenz’, HMD – Praxis der Wirt-schaftsinformatik. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1365/s40702-025-01204-5
Darius, Ph., Römmele, A. ‘KI und datengesteuerte Kampagnen: Eine Diskussion der Rolle generativer KI im politischen Wahlkampf’. In: Informationsflüsse, Wahlen und Demokratie. Festschrift für Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck. Nomos, Baden-Baden, 35, pp. 199–212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748915553-199
Koster, A. K. (2022) ‘Das Ende des Politischen? Demokratische Politik und Künstliche Intelligenz’, Zeitschrift für Politikwissen¬schaft, 2(32), pp. 573–594. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41358-021-00280-5
Peters, U. (2022) ‘Algorithmic political bias in artifcial intelligence systems’, Philosophy & Technology, 2(35), pp. 1–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-022-00512-8
Rozado, D. (2023) ‘The political biases of ChatGPT’, Social Sciences, 3(12), pp. 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12030148
Rutinowski, J., Franke, S., Endendyk, Ja., Roidl, M., Pauly, M. (2024) ‘The self-perception and political biases of ChatGPT’, Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2024, pp. 1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7115633
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The author grants the Publisher of the journal (Perm State University) the right to use their article in the journal, as well as to include the text of the abstract, the full text of the article and information about authors in the "Russian Science Citation Index" (RSCI).
The author agrees to the processing of personal data.
The right to use the journal as a whole belongs to the Publisher and acts indefinitely on the territory of the Russian Federation and beyond in accordance with cl. 1260 of the Russian Federation Civil Code.
There is no author's fee paid for providing the above rights by the author.
The author of the article included in the journal retains the exclusive right to it, regardless of the Publisher's right to use the journal as a whole:
a. The authors retain their copyrights to the article and transfer the right of the first publication along with the article to the journal, while also licensing it on the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows others to distribute this article with the obligatory indication of authorship of the article and reference to the original publication in this journal.
b. The authors retain the right to enter into separate, additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive dissemination of the version of the text published by this journal (for example, post it in a university archive or publish it in a book), with reference to the original publication in this journal.
c. d. Authors are allowed to post their text on the Internet (for example, in a university archive or on their personal website) before and during the review process by this journal, as this can lead to a fruitful discussion and to higher number of the references to this published work (Please refer to The Effect of Open Access).
Submission of an article by the author implies that they agree for it to be used by the Publisher on the above conditions and to be included in the RSCI system. It also implicates that the author is aware of the terms of its use. The information about the author sent to the Publisher, including by e-mail, is also considered as such consent.
The editorial board posts the full text of the article on the Perm State University site: http://www.psu.ru and in the OJS system at http://press.psu.ru
The publication fee is not collected and fees are not paid. The author's copy is sent to the author to the address provided by them.