The influence of biological and chemical preservatives on the microbiome and fermentation processes during corn ensiling
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17072/1994-9952-2026-3-319-325Keywords:
corn silage, biological and chemical preservatives, silage microbiota, fermentationAbstract
Corn silage is an important high-energy feed in cattle diets. Epiphytic microorganisms in the ensiled mass influence the fermentation process and feed quality; however, if ensiling protocols are compromised, undesirable microorganisms (such as yeasts and proteolytic bacteria, etc.) proliferate, reducing the nutritional value and aerobic stability of the silage. Therefore, research aimed at reducing the risk of undesirable microflora development and fermentation failure is highly relevant. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of biological and chemical preservatives on the microbiome and fermentation processes during corn ensiling. The study sample was silage made from Zolotoy Pochatok hybrid corn harvested at the waxy stage. The biological preservatives Biotrof-AS and Promilk, as well as the chemical preservative VIK 3C, were used for ensiling. The results indicate a positive effect of preservatives on the microbiota composition and nutritional value of silage. The treatment with the chemical preservative VIK 3C demonstrated the highest counts of bacteria with antimicrobial properties from the genera Lactobacillus (1×1012 genom/g) и Bifidobacterium (3×108 genom/g) and Bifidobacterium, which resulted in the highest sugar retention and reduced. The use of the biological preservatives Biotrof-AS and Promilk, compared to the chemical preservative, resulted in the highest lactic acid accumulation (83.89-84.22%) relative to all acids, leading to more effective suppression of undesirable microorganisms (Enterobacteriaceae, Candida albicans, Streptococcus, etc.) that reduce the nutritional value of the feed. The using of Biotrof-AS led to a significantly higher accumulation of acetic acid (0.74%) compared to other preparations, which contributed to the most effective suppression of undesirable microbiota, including proteolytic, and ensured the production of energy-rich silage. The established patterns between the structure of the microbial community of silage and its quality indicators justify the need for a multifactorial analysis of the effectiveness of preservatives.
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