To the biology of the rare ephemeroid Cardamine quinquefolia (M. Bieb.) Schmalh. under the culture

Authors

  • Irina E. Anishchenko South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the RAS, Ufa, Russia
  • Oleg Yu. Zhigunov South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the RAS, Ufa, Russia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17072/1994-9952-2026-2-118-124

Keywords:

early spring-flowering ephemeroid, Cardamine quinquefolia, rare species, features of biology, success in culture

Abstract

The article presents research results regarding certain biological features (the onset of main phenophases, morphometry, and cultivation stability) of Cardamine quinquefolia (M. Bieb.) Schmalh. (five-leaved toothwort), a plant belonging to a group of rare spring-flowering ephemeroids. The species is listed in the Red Data Books of several regions of Russia (Penza, Tambov, Ryazan, Saratov, Ulyanovsk, etc.). C. quinquefolia plants are highly decorative (beautiful flowering plants). Excessive collection (for bouquets) and deciduous forest clearing constitute the limiting factors. The research was conducted within a collection of shade-tolerant plants (shade garden) at the South- Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences over two growing seasons (2024–2025). C. quinquefolia sprouts in early April, buds appear in the second decade of the month, flowering begins in the third decade of April, and fruiting occurs in mid-May. The flowering period lasts approximately two weeks (a medium-long-flowering species). Plants of this species belong to the group of early spring-flowering ephemeroids (spring-green plants with a summer-autumn-winter dormancy period). Parameters such as the height of the generative shoot, the number of leaves, the leaf width, and the flower diameter are characterized by slight variation (Cv–0.0–4.4%). Parameters such as generative shoot height, leaf count, leaf width, and flower diameter show low variation (Cv–0.0–4.4%). The remaining parameters show moderate variation (Cv–5.5–12.1%). Based on the results of the conducted assessment of C. quinquefolia's introduction potential, the species is found to be resilient to local climatic conditions, characterized by regular and abundant flowering, and capable of expanding well to form clumps. It features high winter hardiness, is unaffected by spring frosts, and is drought-resistant. The introduction of rare and endangered plants into cultivation meets the demand for these species, helping to prevent the complete depletion of their wild populations.

Author Biographies

  • Irina E. Anishchenko, South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the RAS, Ufa, Russia

    candidate of biological sciences, leading researcher of the laboratory of flora and vegetation of South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute

  • Oleg Yu. Zhigunov, South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the RAS, Ufa, Russia

    candidate of biological sciences, senior researcher of the laboratory of flora and vegetation of South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute

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Published

2026-07-07

How to Cite

To the biology of the rare ephemeroid Cardamine quinquefolia (M. Bieb.) Schmalh. under the culture. (2026). Bulletin of Perm University. Biology, 17(2), 118-124. https://doi.org/10.17072/1994-9952-2026-2-118-124