DYNAMICS OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS MIGRANTS IN RUSSIA AND EASTERN EUROPE IN 2010–2016: ACCORDING TO CROSS-COUNTRY SURVEYS
Keywords:
migrations, Russia, Eastern Europe, factor analysis, European Social SurveyAbstract
The study aims to explore changes in the attitude of the local population towards migrants in Russia and Central and Eastern Europe (the Czech Republic and Hungary) from 2010 to 2016. European countries experienced the refugee crisis in 2015, while Russia hosted many migrants from Eastern Ukraine in the aftermath of the Crimean crisis. These events shaped the attitudes towards migrants in the region, despite the Russian government’s ban on anti-migration organizations after 2014. In addition, the paper explores the factors that might have influenced the formation of anti-migrant perceptions. Using the European Social Survey data (2010-2016 waves), the authors conduct an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis. As a result, they find that the local population began to perceive migrants in a more negative way. The authors explain this shift both by economic and non-economic factors, depending on the case. Moreover, using the confirmatory factor analysis, they conclude that Russia, Hungary and the Czech Republic can be considered as one large macro-region where similar processes occur.DOI: 10.17072/2218-1067-2019-4-67-80References
Blumer, H. (1958) ‘Race prejudice as a sense of group position’, Pacific Sociological Review, 1 (1), pр. 3–7.
Bourhis, R. Y., Moise, L. C., Perreault, S., Senecal, S. (1997) ‘Towards an interactive acculturation model: A social psychological approach’, International Journal of Psychology, 32 (6), pр. 369–386.
Brown, T. A. (2014) Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Publications.
Brozova, K., Jureckova, A., Pacovska, A. (2018) The wages of fear: Attitudes towards refugees and migrants in Czech Republic. Foundation Institute of Public Affairs.
Ceobanu, A. M., Escandell, X. (2010), ‘Comparative analyses of public attitudes toward immigrants and immigration using multinational survey data: A review of theories and research’, Annual Review of Sociology, 36, pр. 309–328.
Culik, J. (2017) ‘Why is the Czech Republic so hostile to Muslims and refugees?’, Europe Now, pр. 1–9.
Damelang, A., Haas, A. (2012) ‘The benefits of migration: cultural diversity and labour market suc-cess’, European Societies, 14 (3), рp. 362–392.
Grigoryan, L. K. (2016) ‘National identity and anti-immigrant attitudes: The case of Russia’ in: Dy-namics of National Identity. Routledge, pр. 206–228.
Hagendoorn, L. (1993) ‘Ethnic categorization and outgroup exclusion: Cultural values and social ste-reotypes in the construction of ethnic hierarchies’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 16 (1), pр. 26–51.
Juhász, A., Hunyadi, B., Zgut, E. (2015) Focus on Hungary: Refugees, asylum and migration. Hein-rich-Böll-Stiftung.
Kušniráková, T. (2014) ‘Is there an integration policy being formed in Czechia?’, Identities, 21 (6), pр. 738–754.
Laine, V. (2015) Managed nationalism: Contemporary Russian nationalistic movements and their rela-tionship to the government. Finnish Institute of International Affairs.
Marx, P., Naumann, E. (2018) ‘Do right-wing parties foster welfare chauvinistic attitudes? A longitu-dinal study of the 2015 ‘refugee crisis’ in Germany’, Electoral Studies, 52, pр. 111–116.
Massey, D. S. (1999) ‘International migration at the dawn of the twenty‐first century: The role of the state’, Population and Development Review, 25 (2), pр. 303–322.
Mayda, A. M. (2006) ‘Who is against immigration? A cross-country investigation of individual atti-tudes toward immigrants’, The review of Economics and Statistics, 88 (3), pр. 510–530.
Naumann, E., Stoetzer, L. F., Pietrantuono, G. (2018) ‘Attitudes towards highly skilled and low‐skilled immigration in Europe: A survey experiment in 15 European countries’, European Journal of Political Research, 57 (4), pр. 1009–1030.
Pettigrew, T. F., Tropp, L. R. (2008) ‘How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta‐analytic tests of three mediators’, European Journal of Social Psychology, 38 (6), pр. 922–934.
Pickel, G. (2019) Nationalism and Perceptions of Threat–Ethnocentrism or Just a Lack of Contact? Islamophobia in Eastern Europe from a Comparative Perspective.
Ponomarenkov, V. A., Cherevichenko, T. S., Efremova, E. A., Bordakova, A. G., Azarkhin, A. V. (2017) ‘Migration Processes in the Legal Life of Society’ in: International conference on Hu-mans as an Object of Study by Modern Science, pр. 234–240.
Rydgren, J. (2007) ‘The sociology of the radical right’, Annual Review of Sociology, 33, pр. 241–262.
Schneider, S. L. (2008) ‘Anti-immigrant attitudes in Europe: Outgroup size and perceived ethnic threat’, European Sociological Review, 24 (1), pр. 53–67.
Snellman, A., Ekehammar, B. (2005) ‘Ethnic hierarchies, ethnic prejudice, and social dominance ori-entation’, Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 15 (2), pр. 83–94.
Song, S. (2018) ‘Political theories of migration’, Annual Review of Political Science, 21, pр. 385–402.
Szalai, A., Gőbl, G. (2015) Securitizing migration in contemporary Hungary. CEU Center for EU En-largement Studies Working Paper.
Verkhovsky, A. (ed.) (2015) ‘The Ultra-Right Movement under Pressure: Xenophobia and Radical Na-tionalism in Russia, and Efforts to Counteract Them in 2015’, SOVA Center for information and analysis [online]. Available at: http://www.sova-center.ru/en/xenophobia/reports-analy/2016/04/d34247/ (Accessed: 4 April 2019).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The author grants the Publisher of the journal (Perm State University) the right to use their article in the journal, as well as to include the text of the abstract, the full text of the article and information about authors in the "Russian Science Citation Index" (RSCI).
The author agrees to the processing of personal data.
The right to use the journal as a whole belongs to the Publisher and acts indefinitely on the territory of the Russian Federation and beyond in accordance with cl. 1260 of the Russian Federation Civil Code.
There is no author's fee paid for providing the above rights by the author.
The author of the article included in the journal retains the exclusive right to it, regardless of the Publisher's right to use the journal as a whole:
a. The authors retain their copyrights to the article and transfer the right of the first publication along with the article to the journal, while also licensing it on the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows others to distribute this article with the obligatory indication of authorship of the article and reference to the original publication in this journal.
b. The authors retain the right to enter into separate, additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive dissemination of the version of the text published by this journal (for example, post it in a university archive or publish it in a book), with reference to the original publication in this journal.
c. d. Authors are allowed to post their text on the Internet (for example, in a university archive or on their personal website) before and during the review process by this journal, as this can lead to a fruitful discussion and to higher number of the references to this published work (Please refer to The Effect of Open Access).
Submission of an article by the author implies that they agree for it to be used by the Publisher on the above conditions and to be included in the RSCI system. It also implicates that the author is aware of the terms of its use. The information about the author sent to the Publisher, including by e-mail, is also considered as such consent.
The editorial board posts the full text of the article on the Perm State University site: http://www.psu.ru and in the OJS system at http://press.psu.ru
The publication fee is not collected and fees are not paid. The author's copy is sent to the author to the address provided by them.
