SOCIAL POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERNIZATION AND INDIVIDUALISM: ANALYSIS OF THE IDEAS OF BRITISH CONSERVATIVE PUBLICIST WILIAM H. MALLOCK
Keywords:
social policy, conservatism, political ideology, Mallock, individualism, moderni-zation, British political philosophyAbstract
The paper analyzes the economic, social and political views of William Hurrel Mallock, a British conservative publicist. It reviews two competing and yet mutually supporting elements of European social relations: free enterprise and social policy. The author describes the role of outstanding individuals in the modernization of the economy and the growth of public welfare, and proves the importance of social policy. The paper aims to analyze the logics that the opponents of active social policy apply and to explain the views of free market adherents on key mechanisms that contribute to economic development, as well as on government interference and social policy. Statistical analysis was used to demonstrate changes in the population welfare and current issues related to social policy (budget deficit, unemployment). Content analysis was used to thoroughly study the views on social policy and economy. Discourse analysis was used to study the arguments of the opposing parties.The role of talent as the main driving force behind the economic development is demonstrated. The logic applied by the opponents of active social policy was reconstructed. Conclusions are made concerning the negative impact of excessive government interference into economic processes, arguments related to the negative role of benefits and labor decommodification are studied, assertions considering minimum subsistence levels are reviewed. The author concludes that modern opponents of the welfare state use the same arguments as their ideological predecessors did 100 and 200 years ago. In their opinion, redistribution by the government redirects the funds of the hard-working part of the population to its idle part, which stimulates the latter to abandon labor, and, therefore, slows down the economy and creates risks of exhausting public wealth. In response to this, there is an even older counter argument, which can be traced back to the period of antiquity: to preserve their status, elites have to guarantee minimum well-being for the population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2018-4-62-77References
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