The democracy index for Russian regions: dynamics from 1990s to 2010s

Authors

Keywords:

democracy index, post-communist transition, Russia, Ukraine, regions, electoral competition, political culture

Abstract

Evaluation of the sub-national level democracy in the context of the post-communist transition calls for tools relevant to this specific case. In the article a new index is suggested for evaluating democratic and authoritarian trends in post-communist Russia at the sub-national level; N. Petrov’s hypothesis about partial democratization in authoritarian regions during early 2000s is verified. The article presents the index structure, its theoretical argumentation (concepts of R. Dahl, T. Vanhanen, G. Almond and S. Verba, A. Hirschman), methods of calculation, and general results and conclusions for the period from 1997 to 2015. Prospects and limitations of the democracy index proposed are discussed through the example of UkraineDOI: 10.17072/2218-1067-2016-2-83-106

Author Biography

Алексей Титков/ Alexey Titkov, NRU Higher School of Economics, Moscow

Associate Professor at the Faculty of Social Sciences, Senior Research Fellow in the Laboratory for Methodology of Regional Development Evaluation

References

Almond G. A., Verba S. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Moscow, 2014. (In Rus.).

Dahl R. A. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. Moscow, 2010. (In Rus.).

Democratic Audit of Regions: Preliminary Results. “Public Expertise” Institute. Moscow, 2006. Available at: http://www.freepress.ru/publish/publish043.shtml. (In Rus.).

Gel’man V.Ya. The Dynamics of Sub-National Authoritarianism: Russia from the Comparative Perspective. St. Petersburg, 2008. (In Rus.).

Gel’man V. Political Opposition in Russia: A Dying Species? Polis. Political Studies. 2004. № 4. P. 52−69. (In Rus.).

Russia of Regions: Political Regimes in Transition. Ed. by V. Gel’man, S. Ryzhenkov, and M. Brie. Moscow, 2000. (In Rus.).

Gervasoni C. Measuring Variance in Subnational Regimes: Results from an Expert-Based Operationalization of Democracy in the Argentine Provinces. Journal of Politics in Latin America. 2010. № 2(2). P. 3−52. (In English).

Gibson E.L. Boundary Control: Subnational Authoritarianism in Democratic Countries. World Politics. 2005. № 58 (1). P 101−132. (In English).

Giraudy A. The Politics of Subnational Undemocratic Regime Reproduction in Argentina and Mexico. Journal of Politics in Latin America. № 2(2). P. 53−84. (In English).

Giraudy A. Varieties of Subnational Undemocratic Regimes: Evidence from Argentina and Mexico. Studies in Comparative International Development. 2013. № 48(2). P. 51−80. (In English).

Golosov G.V. Electoral Authoritarianism in Russia. Pro et Contra. 2008. №1. P. 22−35. (In Rus.).

Hirschman A.O. Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations and States. Moscow, 2009. (In Rus.).

Howard M.M. The Weakness of Civil Society in Post-Communist Europe. Moscow, 1999. (In Rus.).

Kuzmin A.S., Melvin N., Nechayev V.D. Regional Political Regimes in PostSoviet Russia: an Essay of a Typology. Polis. Political Studies. 2002. № 3. P. 142−155. (In Rus.).

Laakso M., Taagepera R. Effective Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to Western Europe. Comparative Political Studies. 12 (1). P. 3−27. (In English).

Nechayev V.D. Territorial Organization of Local Government in Regions of Russia: Genesis and Institutional Effects. Kursk, 2000. (In Rus.).

O'Donnell G. and Schmitter P. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore, London, 1986. (In English).

Petrov N.V. Polls in 1989 – 1997: General Regularities. Political Almanac of Russia 1997. Vol. 1. Elections and Political Development. Ed by M. McFaul, N. V. Petrov. Moscow, 1998. P. 302−365. (In Rus.).

Petrov N. Regional Models of Democratic Development. Between Dictatorship and Democracy: Russian Post-Communist Political Reform. Ed by M. McFaul, N. V. Petrov, A. Ryabov. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Washington, 2004. P. 239−267. (In English).

Petrov N.V. Democracy of Russian Regions. Carnegie Moscow Center Briefing Paper. Vol. 7. Iss. 9. October 2005. (In Rus.).

Petrov N.V., Titkov A.S. Index of Democracy. Russia of Regions: In What Kind of Social Space Do We Live? Independent Institute for Social Policy. Moscow, 2005. (In Rus.).

Petrov N.V., Titkov A.S. Carnegie Moscow Center’s Rating of Democracy in Regions: 10 Years in Duty. Moscow, 2013. (In Rus.).

Przeworski A. Democracy and Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Moscow, 1999. (In Rus.).

Regional Political Fields of Russia: Comparative Analysis (January 26, 2006).Seminar ‘Politeia’. Available at: http://www.politeia.ru/politeia_seminar/10/42. (In Rus.).

Schumpeter J.A. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. Moscow, 1995. (In Rus.).

Titkov A. S. Democracy Index at the Regional and Sub-Regional Level. Methodology and Theory of Studies in Local Politics. Perm Scientific Centre, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Perm, 2014. (In Rus.).

Vanhanen T. Democratization: A Comparative Analysis of 170 Countries. London, New York, 2003. (In English)

Vanhanen T. Construction and Use of an Index of Democratization. . Monitoring Social Progress in the 1990s: Data Constraints, Concerns and Priorities. Ed by D. Westendorff, D. Ghai. Avebury, 1993. P. 301–321. (In English).

Vanhanen T. Polyarchy Dataset Manuscript. International Peace Research Institute. Oslo, 2000. Available at: http://www.prio.no/Data/Governance/Vanhanens-index-ofdemocracy/Polyarchy-Dataset-Manuscript. (In English).

Yakovenko I. A. Democracy Audit of Russia: Analyzing Freedom and Democracy Level in Russian Regions. Novaya Gazeta. 2005. 12 December. (In Rus.).

Published

2018-10-07

How to Cite

Alexey Titkov А. Т. (2018). The democracy index for Russian regions: dynamics from 1990s to 2010s. Bulletin of Perm University. Political Science, (2), 83–106. Retrieved from http://press.psu.ru/index.php/polit/article/view/1709