Party Systems and Stability of Ethnofederalism
Keywords:
ethnofederalism, party system, nationalization, fragmentation, volatility, consociationalismAbstract
Despite the fact that ethnofederalism is seen as a way to control interethnic conflicts in multiethnic states, ethnofederal arrangements do not always solve this problem successfully. In this article, we investigate how the effectiveness of ethnofederalism depends on such features of party systems as nationalization, fragmentation and volatility. Using ordinal regression analysis, empirical data of 59 electoral cycles in 20 countries with the ethnofederal governnce system have been analyzed. It has been found that a high degree of nationalization of a party system contributes to reducing the level of ethno-political conflicts, but only in case it is accompanied by a sufficiently high degree of volatility and fragmentation of party systems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2017-1-98-107References
Голосов Г.В. Национализация партийной системы: проблемы измерения в применении к федеративным государствам // Сравнительная политология и российская политика. 2010–2015. СПб., 2016. [Golosov G.V. Nationalization of party system: problems of measurement with application to federal states. Golosov G.V. Comparative political science and Russian politics. 2010–2015. St. Petersburg, 2016].
Голосов Г.В., Григорьев В.С. Национализация партийной системы: российская специфика // Политическая наука. 2015. № 1. С. 128–156. [Golosov G.V. Grigoryev V.S. Party system nationalization: Russian specifics. Political Science. 2015. No. 1. P. 128–156].
Лейпхарт А. Демократия в многосоставных обществах. М., 2007. [Lijphart А. Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. М., 2007].
Фарукшин М.Х. К методологии исследования роли этнического фактора в федеративных системах // Политическая экспертиза. 2011. № 2. С. 96–114. [Farukshin M.Kh. Towards Methodology of Comparative Study Ethnic Factor’s Role in the Federal Systems. Political Expertise: POLITEX. 2011. No. 2. P. 96–114.].
Харитонова О.В. Этнические войны и постконфликтная демократия // Политическая наука. 2016. №1. С.34–59. [Kharitonova O.V. Ethnic war and post conflict democracy. Political Science. 2016. No. 1. P. 34–59].
Akhtar N. Role of Political Parties in the Democratic System of Pakistan. Available at: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/33025/1/gupea_2077_33025_1.pdf .
Alesina A. et al. Fractionalization. Journal of Economic Growth. 2003. No. 2. P. 155–194.
Cederman L.E., Wimmer A. Ethnic Power Relations Dataset. Available at: https://icr.ethz.ch/data/epr/core/v1.1/.
Collier P., Hoeffler A. Greed and grievance in civil war. Oxford economic papers. 2004. No. 56. P. 563–595.
Conflict Barometer. Available at: http://www.hiik.de/en/konfliktbarometer/pdf/ConflictBarometer_2015.pdf
Constituency-Level Elections Archive (CLEA). Available at: http://www.electiondataarchive.org/index.html.
Elbadawi I., Sambanis A.N. How much war will we see? Explaining the prevalence of civil war. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2002. No. 46. P. 307–334.
Fearon J., Laitin D. Ethnicity, insurgency, and civil war. American Political Science Review. 2003. No. 1. P. 75–90.
Freedom House Dataset. Available at: https://freedomhouse.org/.
Golosov G.V. The Effective Number of Parties. A New Approach. Party Politics. 2010. No. 2. P. 171–192.
Golosov G.V. Party nationalization and the translation of votes into seats under single-member plurality electoral system. Party Politics. 2016. No. 1.
Gurr T.R. Political rebellion. Causes, outcomes and alternatives. NY, Routledge, 2015.
Jones M.P. Mainwaring S. The nationalization of parties and party systems. An Empirical Measure and an Application to the Americas. Party Politics. 2003. No. 2. P. 139–166.
Ley No. 445 de 2002. Available at: http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/normaweb.nsf/d0c69e2c91d9955906256a400077164a/f59730333b3f6fa5062571b200559533?OpenDocument.
Lipset S.M., Rokkan S. Party Systems and Voter Allignments: Cross-National Perspectives. NY, Free Press, 1967.
McGeary J., O’Leary B. Must Pluri-national Federations fail? Ethnopolitics. 2009. No. 1. P. 5–25.
Pedersen N.M. Electoral volatility in Western Europe, 1948–1977. Western European Party Systems: Continuity and Change. Ed. by Hans Daalder and Peter Mair. Beverly Hills, CA, Sage, 1983. Р. 29–66.
Roeder P.G. Ethnofederalism and the Mismanagement of Conflicting Nationalisms. Regional&Federal Studies. 2009. No. 1. P. 203–219.
Roper S.D. Regionalism in Moldova: The Case of Transnistria and Gagauzia. Regional&Federal Studies. 2001. No. 3. P. 101–122.
Snyder J. From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict. NY, Norton, 2000.
World Development Indicators. Available at: https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/topics/19286-world-development-indicators-wdi.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The author grants the Publisher of the journal (Perm State University) the right to use their article in the journal, as well as to include the text of the abstract, the full text of the article and information about authors in the "Russian Science Citation Index" (RSCI).
The author agrees to the processing of personal data.
The right to use the journal as a whole belongs to the Publisher and acts indefinitely on the territory of the Russian Federation and beyond in accordance with cl. 1260 of the Russian Federation Civil Code.
There is no author's fee paid for providing the above rights by the author.
The author of the article included in the journal retains the exclusive right to it, regardless of the Publisher's right to use the journal as a whole:
a. The authors retain their copyrights to the article and transfer the right of the first publication along with the article to the journal, while also licensing it on the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows others to distribute this article with the obligatory indication of authorship of the article and reference to the original publication in this journal.
b. The authors retain the right to enter into separate, additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive dissemination of the version of the text published by this journal (for example, post it in a university archive or publish it in a book), with reference to the original publication in this journal.
c. d. Authors are allowed to post their text on the Internet (for example, in a university archive or on their personal website) before and during the review process by this journal, as this can lead to a fruitful discussion and to higher number of the references to this published work (Please refer to The Effect of Open Access).
Submission of an article by the author implies that they agree for it to be used by the Publisher on the above conditions and to be included in the RSCI system. It also implicates that the author is aware of the terms of its use. The information about the author sent to the Publisher, including by e-mail, is also considered as such consent.
The editorial board posts the full text of the article on the Perm State University site: http://www.psu.ru and in the OJS system at http://press.psu.ru
The publication fee is not collected and fees are not paid. The author's copy is sent to the author to the address provided by them.
