PERM IS A LAND IN THE UPPER REACHES OF RIVERS

Authors

  • P. A. Korchagin

Keywords:

Perm, back land, portage, etymology, etiology

Abstract

The study serves as a follow-up to the article that provided a historiographical review of the debate surrounding the etymology of the toponym Perm. About 40 geographical objects with Permian names found on the territory of Finland and 13 regions of the Russian Federation were involved in the historical-geographical research. Various kinds of “back lands” (Perm) are evenly distributed throughout the studied territory, and parallel searches for “front lands” did not yield results, which forces us to question the version of a drifting toponym. At the same time, an abundance of Permian hydronyms is recorded, although this should seem paradoxical, because Perm is the “back land”. The use of historical-geographical methods made it possible to clarify the etiology (origin) of the names of the Permian series, which should be understood not just as the back ground, but the land on the river bottoms, in the upper reaches of rivers, in areas of concentration of overland sections of waterways. Portages of varying intensity of use are recorded in the vicinity of 30 “perm”, in 19 cases it was not possible to detect portages. Exceptions to the rule are fixed in the southeastern periphery of the studied area, in villages and villages named Permyaki and Perminov, which are nominated by origin or by the surname of the first settlers. In ancient times, the most important transit and transport interchanges were carefully fixed on the ground by Perm toponyms and hydronyms, which is why the areas of concentration of the most important transport routes (Perm and Permtsa) attracted special attention of the Novgorod and later Moscow authorities as nodes of strength in the colonized territory. 

References

Афанасьев А.П. «Волоковая» лексика на водных путях Поволжья и Европейского Севера // Топонимика и историческая география. М., 1976. С. 21‒26.

Богословский М.М. Земское самоуправление на Русском Севере в XVII в. Т. 1. Областное деление Поморья; Землевладение и общественный строй; Органы самоуправления. М.: Издание Имп. о-ва истории и древностей российских при Моск. ун-те, 1909. 322 с.

Бубрих Д.В. Происхождение карельского народа: повесть о союзнике и друге русского народа на Севере. Петрозаводск: Госиздат. Карело-Финской ССР, 1947. 52 с.

Дмитриев А.А. Происхождение названия и судьба Бухонина волока // Пермский край: сб. ст. о Пермской губернии, издаваемый Пермским губернским статистическим комитетом. Пермь, 1893. Т. 1. С. 134‒137.

Дмитриев А.А. Пермская старина: сборник исторических статей и материалов, преимуще-ственно о Пермском крае. Вып. 1. Древности бывшей Перми Великой. Пермь, 1889. 197 с.

Егоров Д.Н. Славяно-германские отношения в средние века: колонизация Мекленбурга в XII в. Т. 1. Материал и методы. М.: Т-во скоропеч. А.А. Левенсон, 1915. 567 с.

Корчагин П.А. Пермь: историография с этимологией // Вестник Удмурт. ун-та. История и филология. 2020. Т. 30, вып. 4. С. 575‒587.

Корчагин П.А. Реки и слова, или критика критической критики // Вестник Перм. ун-та. Ис-тория. 2022. № 1(56). С. 184‒195.

Корчагин П.А., Черепанова Е.С. Древняя водно-волоковая система Пермского Прикамья // Археологическое наследие Урала: от первых открытий к фундаментальному научному знанию (XX Уральское археологическое совещание): материалы Всерос. науч. конф. с междунар. участием, Ижевск, 25‒29 октября 2016 г. Ижевск, 2016. С. 308‒311.

Никонов В.А. Введение в топонимику. М.: Наука, 1965. 179 с.

Окладников Н.А. Острог на Печоре: О государевой крепости, протопопе Аввакуме и его соузниках. Архангельск: Северо-зап. кн. изд-во, 1999. 366 с.

Русский Север: этническая история и народная культура. ХII‒ХХ века. М.: Наука, 2001. 848 с.

Тиандер К. О происхождении имени Пермь // Журнал М-ва народ. просвещения. 1901. № 1, ч. 333. С. 16‒28.

Шилов А.Л. К стратификации дорусской топонимии Карелии // Вопросы языкознания. 1999. № 6. С. 106‒114.

Sjogren J.A. Die Syrjänen, ein historischstatistisch-philologischer Versuch // Gesammelte Schriften. Band I. Historisch-ethnographische. Abhandlungen über den finnisch-russischen Nor-den. VII. Spb., 1861. P. 233‒460.

References

Afanasyev, A. P. (1976), “«Drag» vocabulary on the waterways of the Volga region and the European North”, in Toponimika i istoricheskaya geografiya [Toponymy and historical geography], MFGO, Moscow, Russia, pp. 21–26.

Bogoslovskiy, M. M. (1909), Zemskoe samoupravlenie na Russkom Severe v XVII v. [Zemstvo self-government in the Russian North in the 17th century], Vol. 1: Oblastnoe delenie Pomor'ya; Zemlevladenie i obshchestvennyy stroy; Organy samoupravleniya, Izdanie Imp. o-va istorii i drevnostey rossiyskih pri Moskovskom un-te, Mos-cow, Russia, 322 p.

Bubrykh, D. V. (1947), Proiskhozhdenie karel'skogo naroda: povest' o soyuznike i druge russkogo naroda na Severe [Origin of the Karelian people: a tale of the Union and the second Russian people in the North], Gosizdat. Karelo-Finskoy SSR, Petrozavodsk, USSR, 52 p.

Dmitriev, A. A. (1889), Permskaya starina: sbornik istoricheskih statey i materialov, preimushchestvenno o Permskom krae [Permian antiquity: a collection of historical articles and materials, mainly about the Perm Re-gion], issue 1: Antiquities of the former Perm the Great, the author's edition, Perm, Russia, 197 p.

Dmitriev, A. A. (1893), “The origin of the name and the fate of Bukhonin portage”, in Permskiy kray: sb. statey o Permskoy gubernii [Perm Region: collection of articles about the Perm province], ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО ТРАНСЛИТОМ, Perm, Russia, vol. 1, pp. 134–137.

Egorov, D. N. (1915), Slavyano-germanskie otnosheniya v srednie veka: kolonizaciya Meklenburga v XII v. [Slavic-Germanic relations in the Middle Ages: the circle of Mecklenburg in the 12th century], vol. 1, Materialy i metody, T-vo skoropech. A. A. Levenson, Moscow, Russia, 567 p.

Korchagin, P. A. & E. S. Cherepanova (2016), “The ancient water-carrying system of the Permian Kama re-gion”, in Arheologicheskoe nasledie Urala: ot pervyh otkrytiy k fundamental'nomu nauchnomu znaniyu (XX Ural'skoe arheologicheskoe soveshchanie). Materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. 25-29 oktyabrya, 2016 g. [The archaeological heritage of the Urals: from the first discoveries to fun-damental scientific knowledge], W. p., Izhevsk, Russia, pp. 308–311.

Korchagin, P. A. (2020), “Perm: historiography with etymology”, Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Istoriya i filologiya, vol. 30, issue 4, pp. 575–587.

Korchagin, P. A. (2022), “Rivers and words, their critique of critical criticism”, in Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Istoriya, № 1(56), pp. 184–195.

Nikonov, V. A. (1965), Vvedenie v toponimiku [Introduction to toponymy], Nauka, Moscow, USSR, 179 p.

Okladnikov, N. A. (1999), Ostrog na Pechore: O gosudarevoy kreposti, protopope Avvakume i ego souznikah [Prison on the Pechora: about the sovereign fortress, about the protopop Avvakum and his cellmates], Severo-zap. kn. izd-vo, Arkhangelsk, Russia, 366 p.

Russkiy Sever: etnicheskaya istoriya i narodnaya kul'tura XII-XX vekov (2001) [Russian north: ethnic history and folk culture of the 12th – 20th centuries], Nauka, Moscow, Russia, 848 p.

Shilov, A. L. (1999), “Towards the stratification of the Pre-Russian toponymy of Karelia”, Voprosy yazykoz-naniya, № 6, pp. 106–114.

Sjogren J. A. (1861), “Die Syrjänen, ein historischstatistisch-philologischer Versuch”, Gesammelte Schriften, Band I, Historisch-ethnographische. Abhandlungen über den finnisch-russischen Norden, VII, SPb.,

pp. 233–460.

Tiander, K. (1901), “About the origin of the name Perm”, Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnogo prosveshcheniya, № 1, part 333, pp. 16–28.

Published

2024-07-05

How to Cite

Korchagin П. А. . (2024). PERM IS A LAND IN THE UPPER REACHES OF RIVERS. PERM UNIVERSITY HERALD. History, 65(2), 84–95. Retrieved from https://press.psu.ru/index.php/history/article/view/9283