THE CULT OF HERCULES-MAGUSANUS AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF BATAVIAN IDENTITY
Keywords:
mythology, romanization, identity, the Germans, HerculesAbstract
The article examines the role of Hercules cult in the creation of the Batavian identity in the context of the Roman Empire. Based on the analysis of the Roman narrative tradition and archaeological sources, the paperpresents the idea that the Hercules cult was a powerful integrating force of the emerging Batavian community. The Roman Hercules represented the ideas and values which had particular appeal for the Batavians. Those were martial and pastoral values. Hercules was identified with the native god, Magusanus. The Hercules-Magusanus myth was a vital component in the process of integration into the Roman world. The author argues that the Hercules cult played a role in the ethno-genesis of the Batavians. Hercules-Magusanus was a key element in the system of relations between the Batavian elites and the Romans. The cult was one of the Romans’ instruments for controlling the Lower Rhine frontier and the Batavian loyalty. The analysis of a social and ethnical situation in the Rhine delta of the 1st century BC is presented. The main focus of the research is made on the changes in the social structure of the Batavians in 1st century AD.References
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Much R., Lange W. Die Germania des Tacitus. Heidelberg, 1967.
Nicolay J. Armed Batavians: use and significance of weaponry and horse gear from non-military contexts in the Rhine Delta (50 BC to AD 450). Amsterdam, 2007.
Perkins J. Roman Imperial Identity in the Early Christian Era. L.; N.Y, 2009.
Reichert H. Lexikon der altgermanischen Namen. 1987. Bd. I (1).
Roymans N. Ethnic identity and imperial power. The Batavians in the early Roman Empire. Amsterdam, 2004.
Roymans N. Hercules and the construction of a Batavian identity in the context of the Roman Empire // Ethnic constructs in antiquity. The role of power and tradition. Amsterdam, 2009.
Roymans N., Aarts J. Coins, soldiers and the Batavian Hercules Cult. Coin deposition at the sanctuary of Empel in the Lower Rhine region // Iron Age coinage ritual practices / C. Haselgrove, D. Wigg (eds.). Mainz, 2005.
Roymans N., Derks T. Ein keltisch-romischer Kultbezirk bei Empel (Niederlande) // Archäologisches Korres-pondenzblatt. 1990. Bd. 20.
Roymans N., Derks T. Het heiligdom te Empel. Algemene beschouwingen // De tempel van Empel, een Hercules-heiligdom in het woongebied van de Bataven / N. Roymans & T. Derks (eds.). Hertogenbosch, 1994.
Slofstra J. Batavians and Romans on the Lower Rhine. The romanisation of a frontier area // Archaeological Dialogues. 2002. Bd. 9.
Toorians L. Keltisch en Germaans in de Nederlanden. Taal in Nederland en België gedurende de Late IJzertijd en de Romeinse periode. Brussel, 2000.
Toorians L. Magusanus and the «Old Lad»: A Case of Germanized Celtic // North-Western European Language Evolution. 2003. Vol. 42.
Wagner N. Hercules Magusanus // Bonner Jahrbücher. 1977. Bd. 177.
