MULTI-SCALE ANALYSIS OF THE MODERN TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF ENTERPRISES THAT PARTICIPATED IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR EVACUATION

Abstract

Moscow, which itself was a highly industrialized city in the 20th century, significantly contributed to industrial development in the Russian regions. The decisive role belonged to the State Defense Committee and its competent policy during the Great Patriotic War. The Committee’s resolutions served as information base for this study. Moscow enterprises eventually returned to Moscow, but each had left one or more enterprises in the regions. By the turn of the millennium, most of the formerly evacuated enterprises had ceased to exist in Moscow. The study aims to identify the main geographical patterns of industrial relocation from Moscow to the regions – the Volga region, the Urals, and Siberia – both during the evacuation in the war period and at present. The study was conducted at two levels: intracity research (Moscow) and macroregional research (the Volga region, the Urals, and Siberia). The main methods employed were GIS method, zoning, and correlation analysis. The author created two zoning grids identifying the locations of enterprises of each industry in Moscow: “continuous” zoning, covering the entire territory of Moscow, with the identification of groups of enterprises that primarily specialize in certain fields; “cluster” zoning – with groups of enterprises that only specialize in one field within a certain district. Enterprises were moved from Moscow mainly to the Urals. Machine-building enterprises were in the majority. The study has found that the macroregion (destination) of evacuation – to the Volga region, the Urals, or Siberia – depended not only on the specialization of the Moscow enterprise but also on its location in the city.