International and Russian experience in protecting underground cavities

Review Paper

Abstract

This article describes the key problems and vulnerabilities of underground caves, which must be addressed to preserve these unique natural sites for future generations. The article also presents the results of a study systematizing and summarizing international and Russian experience in underground caves conservation. It also provides general information on the legal framework that underpins the creation of protected areas that include underground caves. Documents not legally binding are cited, but thanks to the many years of work of speleological researchers, they summarize the basic principles and measures that must be followed to preserve underground caves in their natural state and minimize anthropogenic impacts. This article summarizes materials published in the open press on cave exploration and conservation. Many sections were prepared based on the compiled works of eminent speleological researchers, published in various publications, including the Atlas of Russian Caves, published in 2019.