IDENTITY POLICY SECURITIZATION AS AN ANALYTICAL TOOLKIT

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2023-2-101-111

Keywords:

identity politics; securitization; values; state identity; national security strategies; minority rights

Abstract

The author proposes to introduce and use the concept of "identity politics securitization" as an analytical category, based on approaches to collective identities in the theory of international relations (the concept of securitization, ontological security, state identity in constructivism within the international relations theory) and on research tools in the field of identity studies (political identity, identity politics). The article characterizes the practices of securitization of the identity politics in the broad sense of the word, used in the international context, when the value pillars of state identity are established in confrontation with the Other/ Aliens. China, the USA and Russia are chosen as examples. The practices of securitization of identity politics are examined in relation to the protection of the identity of sexual minorities that are organized in the LGBTIQ+ community. Such identity politics has spread from the domestic political agenda to the international level by the efforts of Western countries. They are incorporated into policies and are used as a foreign policy tool.

Author Biography

L. А. Fadeeva, Perm State University

Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of Political Sciences

References

Арон, Р. (2000) Мир и война между народами. Москва: Nota Bene, 880 с. [Aron, R. (2000) War and Peace between peoples [Mir I voina mezhdu narodami]. Moscow, 880 p. (In Russ.)].

Блохин, К. В. (2019) ‘Политика идентичности как фактор обеспечения национальной безопасности государства’, Власть, 4. [Blokhin, K. (2019) ‘Identity Politics as a factor of state national security promotion’ [Politika identichnosti kak factor obespech-eniya natsional’noi bezopasnosti gosudarst-va], Vlast’, 4. (In Russ.)].

Европа XXI века. Новые вызовы и риски (2017) / под общ. ред. А. А. Громыко, В. П. Федорова. Москва: ИЕ РАН; Санкт-Петербург: Нестор-История, 544 с. [Eu-rope XXI. New challenges and risks [Evropa XXI veka. Novye vyzovy I riski], Ed. by Gromyko A., Fyedorov V. Moscow. (In Russ.)].

Идентичность. Личность. Общество. Политика (2017) Энциклопедическое издание / отв. ред. И. С. Семененко. Москва: Весь мир. [Identity. The Individual, Society and Politics [Identichnost’. Lichnost’. Obschestvo. Poli-tika]. Entsiklopedicheskoe izdanie. Moscow: Ves’ Mir. (In Russ.)].

Казанцев, А. А., Меркушев, В. Н. (2008) ‘Россия и постсоветское пространство: перспективы использования «мягкой силы»’, Полис. Политические исследования, 2. [Kazantzev, A., Merkushev, V. (2008) ‘Russia and post-Soviet space: perspectives of soft power using’ [Rossiya I postovetskoe prostranstvo], Polis. Political Studies, 2. (In Russ.)].

Касьянов, Г. (2019) Единый учебник истории ЕС и своя правда Восточной Европы. URL: http:/www.eedialogue.org/ru/2019/06/22/edinyj-uchebnik-istorii-es-i-svoya-pravda-vostochnoj-evropy. [Kasyanov, G. (2019) The united textbook of EU history and the own truth of Eastern Europe [Edinyi ucheb-nik istorii ES I svoya Pravda vostochnoj Evropy]. URL: http:/www.eedialogue.org/ru/2019/06/22/edinyj-uchebnik-istorii-es-i-svoya-pravda-vostochnoj-evropy.(In Russ.)].

Кочетков, А. П. (2010) ‘Идентичность в международных отношениях: теоретические основы и роль в мировой политике’, Вестник Московского университета. Серия 25. Международные отношения и мировая политика, 1. [Kochetkov, A. (2010) ‘Identity in International Relations: theoretical foundations and role in world policy’ [Identichnost’ v mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniyakh: teoreticheskie osnovy bi rol’ v mirovoi politike], Vestnik of Moscow Uni-versity, Issue 25, 1. (In Russ.)].

Мчедлова, М. М., Казаринова, Д. Б. (2020) ‘Политика идентичности: конкуренция новых теоретических смыслов и политических стратегий’, Политическая наука, 4. [Mchedlova, M., Kazarinova, D. (2020) ‘Identity policy: competition of a new theoretical content and political strate-gies’ [Politika identichnosti: konkurentsia novykh politicheskikh smislov I politich-eskih strategii]. Political Science, 4. (In Russ.)].

Политика памяти в современной России и странах Восточной Европы. Акторы, институты, нарративы (2020) / под ред. А. И. Миллера и Д. В. Ефременко. Санкт-Петербург.: Издательство Европейского университета в Санкт-Петербурге. [Memory Politics in contemporary Russia and Eastern European countries (2020) [Politika pamyati v sovremennoi Rossii I stranakh Vostochnoi Evropy]. SPb.: Europe-an University. (In Russ.)].

Семененко, И. (2018) ‘Прошлое на переднем крае политики идентичности’, Мировая экономика и международные отношения, 62 (11). [Semenenko, I. (2018) ‘The Past on the forefront of Identity politics’ [Proshloye na perednem krae politiki identichnosti], World Politics and International Relations, 62 (11). (In Russ.)].

Сергеев, В. М., Казанцев, А. А., Медведева, С. М. (2019) ‘Кризис конструктивизма и методологические проблемы изучения меж-дународных отношений’, Полис. Политические исследования, 5. [Sergeev, V., Kazantsev, A., Medvedeva, S. (2019) ‘The crisis of constructivism and methodo-logical problems of the IR research’ [Krisis konstruktivizma I metodologicheskie prob-lem izucheniya mezhdunarodnykh otnoshenii], Polis. Political Studies, 5. (In Russ.)].

Сургуладзе, В. Ш. (2019) Политика идентичности в реалиях обеспечения национальной безопасности: Стратегия, теория, практика. Москва: Аналитическая группа «С. Т. К.», 400 с. [Surguladze, V. (2019) Identity poli-tics in the realities of ensuring national

security: strategy, theory, practice [Politika identichnosti v realiyakh obespecheniya natsional’noi bezopasnosti]. Moscow: STK. (In Russ.)].

Фадеева, Л. А. (2022) ‘Политика памяти и идентичности в Европейском союзе: сопряженные понятия, рассогласованные практики’, Международная аналитика, 2. [Fadeeva, L. (2022) ‘Politics of memory and identity in EU: related concepts, mis-matched practices. International Analytics’ [Politika pamyati I identichnosti v Evro-peiskom Soyuze: sopryazhennye ponyatiya, rassoglasovannye praktiki], International Analytic, 2. (In Russ.)].

Фадеева, Л. А. (2021) ‘Современные вызовы политики идентичности в ЕС’, Современная Европа, 7. [Fadeeva, L. (2021) ‘Contempo-rary challenges of identity politics in the EU’ [Sovremennye vyzovy identichnosti v ES], Contemporary Europe, 7. (In Russ.)].

Фадеева, Л. А., Плотников, Д. С. (2019) ‘Опыт мировых войн в политике идентичности и выстраивании стратегии безопасности’, в: Региональные стратегии международной безопасности: Россия, ЕС и Ближний Восток. Москва: Научный консультант. [Fadeeva, L., Plotnikov, D. (2019) ‘The expe-rience of world wars in identity politics and building a security strategy’ [Opyt mirovykh voin v politike identichnosti I vystrai-vanii mezhdunarodnoi bezopasnosti] in; Regional’nye strategii mezhdunarodnoi be-zopasnosti: Rossiya, ES i Blizhnii Vostok. Moscow. (In Russ.)].

Фукуяма, Ф. (2019) Идентичность: стремление к признанию и политика неприятия. Москва: Альпина Паблишер, 256 с. [Fu-kuyama, F. (2019) Identity: the desire for recognition and the policy of rejection [Identichnost’: stremlenie k priznaniyu b politika nepriyatiya]. Moscow. (In Russ.)].

Aggestam, Lisbeth (2018) Role identity and the Europeanisation of foreign policy: a politicalcultural approach. URL: https://www.manchesteropenhive.com/display/9781526137647/9781526137647.00011.xml.

Aggestam, Lisbeth (1999) Role Conceptions and the Politics of Identity in Foreign Policy. ARE-NA working papers.

Budryte, D., Resende, E., Becker, D. (2020) ‘“De-fending Memory”: Exploring the Relation-ship between Mnemonic In/Security in Global Politics’, Interdisciplinary Political Studies, Issue 6 (1), рp. 5‒19.

Buzan, B., Waever, O., de Wilde, J. (1998) Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 239 p.

Curanovic, Alicja (2022) ‘Szymanski Piotr. Mission saves us all: Great Russia and Global Brit-ain dealing with ontological insecurity’, In-ternational Relations, рр. 1‒25.

Dissonant Heritages and Memories in Contemporary Europe (2019) / ed. Tuuli Lähdesmäki, Luisa Passerini, Sigrid Kaasik-Krogerus, Iris van Huis. Palgrave Studies in Cultural Her-itage and Conflict.

Hellberg, Uliana. Securitization as a modern strate-gy of constructing identity: Negative proof identity’ in the European Union. URL: https://mau.divaportal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1408014&dswid=-7813.

Katzenstein, Peter, J. (1996) The Culture of Nation-al Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press.

Klose, Stephen (2020) ‘Interactionist Role Theory Meets Ontological Security Studies: Explo-ration of Synergies Between Socio-Psychological Approaches to the Study of IR’, European Journal of International Rela-tions, 26(3), pp. 851–874.

Krolikowski, A. (2008) ‘State Personhood in Onto-logical Security Theories of International Relations and Chinese Nationalism: a Scep-tical View’, Chinese Journal of Internation-al Politics, Vol. 2, pp. 109–133.

Mälksoo, M. (2009) ‘The Memory Politics of Be-coming European: The East European Sub-alterns and the Collective Memory of Eu-rope’, European Journal of International Relations, 15 (4).

Peterson, V. Spike (1993) ‘The Politics of Identity in International Relations’, The Fletcher Forum, Summer.

Saaida, M. B. E. (2023) ‘The Role of Culture and Identity in International Relations’, East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 4 (1), pp. 49-57.

Vucetic, Srdjan (2017) Identity and Foreign Policy. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics.

Xuechen, Chen, Xinchuchu, Gao (2022) ‘Analysing the EU’s collective securitisation moves towards China’, Asia Europe Journal, 20, pp. 195–216.

Published

2023-07-13

How to Cite

Fadeeva Л. А. (2023). IDENTITY POLICY SECURITIZATION AS AN ANALYTICAL TOOLKIT. Bulletin of Perm University. Political Science, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2023-2-101-111