DUAL POWER CONFLICT IN LIBYA AS A SOCIO-POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION PROCESS
Keywords:
Libya, Haftar, Sarraj, dual power conflict, political crisis, military action, UNAbstract
The article analyzes the dual power conflict in Libya in the context of social and political transformations. The aim of the article is to form a model of political transformations in Libya during the dual power conflict in 2011 – early 2019. For analysis, the author selected and systematized the events that took place in Libya and had considerable political significance in the context of the crisis. The author presents a brief chronology and highlights the key moments of the conflict and the transformations. It has been found that the key parties to the conflict changed three times. Each change of the parties was identical to the change of the dominant idea of the conflict and represented its separate stage. At the first stage, the dominant role was played by political views and ideas of the parties, as well as the opportunity to spread them in society. At the second stage, it was the struggle for power and resources that started to play the main role. At the third stage (the conflict between the House of Representatives, allied with General Haftar, and the Government of National Unity), the conflict developed into the struggle for resources, power and territory, whereas political motives faded into the background. Thus, it can be argued that the process of socio-political transformation in Libya was supplanted by the struggle of the two parties of the dual power conflict. DOI: 10.17072/2218-1067-2020-1-67-74References
Ashames, A., Abushoffa, A., Tabet, M., Saidan, R. B. and Lagha, B. (2019) ‘Impact of the Lib-yan Conflict on Quality of Medicines Avail-able in the Local Market’, Journal of Chemi-cal and Pharmaceutical Research, 11(1), pр. 20–27.
Bodalal, Z., Agnaeber, K., Nagelkerke, N., Stirling, B., Temmerman, M. and Degomme, O. (2014) ‘Pregnancy outcomes in Benghazi, Libya, before and during the armed conflict in 2011’, Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 20(3), pр. 175.
Bodalal, Z., Bendardaf, R., Ambarek, M. and Nagelkerke, N. (2015) ‘Impact of the 2011 Libyan conflict on road traffic injuries in Benghazi, Libya’, Libyan Journal of Medi-cine, 10(1), pр. 269–300.
Brockmeier, S., Stuenkel, O. and Tourinho, M. (2016) ‘The impact of the Libya interven-tion debates on norms of protection’, Global Society, 30(1), pр. 113–133.
Burton, G. (2019) ‘Chinese Conflict Management in Libya, Syria and Yemen after the Arab Uprisings’, Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 13(1), pр. 18–34.
Chivvis, C. S. (2012) ‘Libya and the future of liberal intervention’, Survival, 54(6), pр. 69–92.
Costantini, I. (2016) ‘Conflict dynamics in post-2011 Libya: a political economy perspec-tive’, Conflict, Security & Development, 16(5), pр. 405–422.
Daw, M. A., El-Bouzedi, A. H. and Dau, A. A. (2019) ‘Trends and patterns of deaths, inju-ries and intentional disabilities within the Libyan armed conflict: 2012–2017’, PLoS one, 14(5), pр. 0216061.
Daw, M. A., El-Bouzedi, A. and Dau, A. A. (2015) ‘Libyan armed conflict 2011: mortality, in-jury and population displacement’, African Journal of Emergency Medicine, 5(3), pр. 101–107.
De Waal, A. (2013) ‘My Fears, Alas, Were Not Un-founded’: Africa’s Responses to the Libya Conflict’ in: Hehir, A. et al. (eds.) Libya, the Responsibility to Protect and the Future of Humanitarian Intervention. London: Pal-grave Macmillan, pp. 58–82.
Eriksson, M. (2016) ‘A fratricidal Libya: Making sense of a conflict complex’, Small Wars & Insurgencies, 27(5), pр. 817–836.
Haesebrouck, T. (2017) ‘NATO burden sharing in Libya: a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis’, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 61(10), pр. 2235–2261.
Kishi, R., Raleigh, C., Linke, A., Backer, D., Bhav-nani, R. and Huth, P. (2016) Patterns and Trends of the Geography of Conflict, Peace and Conflict. London: Taylor & Fran-cis/Routledge.
Koenig, N. (2014) ‘Between conflict management and role conflict: the EU in the Libyan cri-sis’, European security, 23(3), pр. 250–269.
Kuperman, A. J. (2013) ‘A model humanitarian in-tervention? Reassessing NATO's Libya cam-paign’, International Security, 38(1), pр. 105–136.
Kuperman, A. J. (2015) ‘Obama's Libya debacle: how a well-meaning intervention ended in failure’, Foreign Affairs, 94(2), pр. 66–77.
Peskin, V. and Boduszynski, M. P. (2016) ‘The rise and fall of the ICC in Libya and the politics of international surrogate enforcership’, In-ternational Journal of Transitional Justice, 10(2), pр. 272–291.
Shaw, S. (2013) ‘Fallout in the Sahel: the geograph-ic spread of conflict from Libya to Mali’, Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 19(2), рp. 199–210.
Strazzari, F. and Tholens, S. (2014) ‘Tesco for Ter-rorists’ Reconsidered: Arms and Conflict Dynamics in Libya and in the Sahara-Sahel Region’, European Journal on Criminal Pol-icy and Research, 20(3), pр. 343–360.
Tremayne, M. (2014) ‘Anatomy of protest in the digital era: A network analysis of Twitter and Occupy Wall Street’, Social Movement Studies, 13(1), pр. 110–126.
Ulfstein, G. and Christiansen, H. F. (2013) ‘The legality of the NATO bombing in Libya’, In-ternational & Comparative Law Quarterly, 62(1), pр. 159–171.
Zuckerman, E. (2014a) ‘New media, new civics?’, Policy & Internet, 6(2), рp. 151–168.
Zuckerman, E. (2014b) ‘Cute Cats to the Rescue? Participatory Media and Political Expres-sion’ in: Allen, D. and Light, J. (eds.) ‘Youth, New Media and Political Participa-tion’, рр. 131–154.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The author grants the Publisher of the journal (Perm State University) the right to use their article in the journal, as well as to include the text of the abstract, the full text of the article and information about authors in the "Russian Science Citation Index" (RSCI).
The author agrees to the processing of personal data.
The right to use the journal as a whole belongs to the Publisher and acts indefinitely on the territory of the Russian Federation and beyond in accordance with cl. 1260 of the Russian Federation Civil Code.
There is no author's fee paid for providing the above rights by the author.
The author of the article included in the journal retains the exclusive right to it, regardless of the Publisher's right to use the journal as a whole:
a. The authors retain their copyrights to the article and transfer the right of the first publication along with the article to the journal, while also licensing it on the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows others to distribute this article with the obligatory indication of authorship of the article and reference to the original publication in this journal.
b. The authors retain the right to enter into separate, additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive dissemination of the version of the text published by this journal (for example, post it in a university archive or publish it in a book), with reference to the original publication in this journal.
c. d. Authors are allowed to post their text on the Internet (for example, in a university archive or on their personal website) before and during the review process by this journal, as this can lead to a fruitful discussion and to higher number of the references to this published work (Please refer to The Effect of Open Access).
Submission of an article by the author implies that they agree for it to be used by the Publisher on the above conditions and to be included in the RSCI system. It also implicates that the author is aware of the terms of its use. The information about the author sent to the Publisher, including by e-mail, is also considered as such consent.
The editorial board posts the full text of the article on the Perm State University site: http://www.psu.ru and in the OJS system at http://press.psu.ru
The publication fee is not collected and fees are not paid. The author's copy is sent to the author to the address provided by them.
