WHITE HOUSE AND UNITED STATES CAPITOL: BATTLE FOR THE SUPREME COURT (SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY)
Keywords:
U.S. Supreme Court, Senate and President, justices, impeachment, nomination and confirmation, constitutional disputesAbstract
The U.S. Constitution requires the President to submit Supreme Court nominees to the Senate for its advice and consent. The appointment of a Supreme Court Justice is an event of major significance in American politics. Since the early 20th century, Presidents have submitted 62 nominations for the Court, including those for the post of Chief Justice. Of this total, 55 were confirmed (seven declined to serve). The article dissects the crucial constitutional disputes between the executive and legislative branches of government from the Eisenhower administration to the end of the Clinton administration, and examines the day-to-day working relations between the President and Congress, which go beyond the traditional discussions of Supreme Court decisions. The article analyzes the conflicts between the President and Congress in the field of shared power – nomination and confirmation of the Supreme Court Justices in the Senate. The research is based on historical and statistical data on the Supreme Court: its institutional development; decision trends; background, nomination; its relations with public, governmental, and other judicial bodies; and its influence. A special place in the article is given to the analysis of the policies of the Nixon, Reagan and Clinton administrations.References
Николаев Б.В. Правовые основы и практика назначения судей Верховного Суда США // Обще-ственные науки. Право. 2016. № 4 (40). С. 32.
Саломатин А.Ю. Верховный суд США: судебная и правовая политика от Дж. Джея до Дж. Ро-бертса. 2-е изд., испр. и доп. М.: Инфра-М, 2013. 139 с.
Amar A.R. Plessy v. Ferguson and the Anti-Canon // Pepperdine Law Review. 2011. Vol. 39. P. 75–90.
Biskupic J. Justice Blackmun Dies, Leaves Legacy of Rights // Washington Post. 1999. March, 5. P. A1.
Biskupic J., Barbash F. Retired Justice Lewis Powell Dies at 90 // Washington Post. 1998. August, 26. Section A. P. 1.
Buchanan J.H., Kropp A.J. Bork Hearings Showed How Democracy Works; A Very Small Poll Tax // The New York Times. 1987. October, 23. Section A. P. 38.
Hutchinson D.J. Two Cheers for Judicial Restraint: Justice White and the Role of the Supreme Court Justice White and the Exercise of Judicial Power // University of Colorado Law Review. 2003. Vol. 74, no. 4. P. 1409–1424.
Radosh R., Milton J. The Rosenberg file. 2nd ed. New Haven [u.a.]: Yale University Press, 1997. 617 p.
Reeves R. President Nixon: alone in the White House. N. Y.; London: Simon & Schuster, 2002. 724 p.
Schmidhauser J.R., Berg L.L. The Supreme Court and Congress: Conflict and Interaction, 1945–1968 / by John R. Schmidhauser a. Larry L. Berg. N. Y.: Free Press; London: Collier-Macmillan, 1972. 678 p.
Stolberg Sh.G. Future of an Aging Court Raises Stakes of Presidential Vote // The New York Times. 2012. June 27.
Stone G.R., Strauss D.A. Democracy and Equality: the Enduring Constitutional Vision of the Warren Court. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. 217 p.
The Judicial Branch of the Federal Government: Purpose, Process, and People U.S. Government: The Separation of Powers. N.Y.: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, 2010. 344 p.
The Supreme Court Compendium. Data, Decisions and Developments. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1994. 741 p.
The United States Supreme Court: The Pursuit of Justice / ed. by Christopher L. Tomlins. Boston; N.Y.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2005. 578 p.
Vieira N., Gross L. Supreme Court Appointments: Judge Bork and the Politicization of Senate Confirmations. SIU Press, 1998. 310 p.
References
Amar, A.R. (2011), “Plessy v. Ferguson and the Anti-Canon”, Pepperdine Law Review, vol. 39, pp. 75–90.
Biskupic, J. & F. Barbash (1998), “Retired Justice Lewis Powell Dies at 90”, Washington Post, August 26, Section A, pp. 1.
Biskupic, J. (1999), “Justice Blackmun Dies, Leaves Legacy of Rights”, Washington Post, March 5, p. A1.
Buchanan, J.H. & A.J. Kropp (1987), “Bork Hearings Showed How Democracy Works; A Very Small Poll Tax”, The New York Times, Section A, October 23, p. 38.
Congressional Record. Proceedings and Debates of the US Congress – Senate. 89th Congress, 1st Session Vol. 111–137. (1965–1991), Government Printing Office, Washington, United States, 1965–1991.
Dean, J.W. (2002), The Rehnquist Choice. The Untold Story of the Nixon Appointment That Redefined the Supreme Court, The Free Press, New York, USA, 352 p.
Epstein, L., Segal, J.A., Spaeth, H.J. & T.G. Walker (1994), The Supreme Court Compendium: Data, Decisions and Developments, CQ Inc., Washington, USA, 741 p.
Garrow, D. (1996), “The Rehnquist Reins”, New York Times, October 6, Section 6, p. 65.
Greenhouse, L. (1998), “Lewis Powell, Crucial Centrist Justice, Dies at 90”, The New York Times, August 26, Section A, p. 1.
Hutchinson, D.J. (2003), “Two Cheers for Judicial Restraint: Justice White and the Role of the Supreme Court Justice White and the Exercise of Judicial Power”, University of Colorado Law Review, vol. 74, № 4, pp. 1409–1424.
Klinton, U. (2005), Moya zhizn' [My Life], Al'pina Biznes Buks, Moscow, Russia, 1088 p.
Narvaez, A.A. (1989), “Clement Haynsworth Dies at 77; Lost Struggle for High Court Seat”, The New York Times, November 23, Section D, p. 21.
“Nation: Judge Harry Blackmun: A Craftsman for the Court” (1970), Time, vol. 95, April 27, № 17, pp. 20–21.
Nikolaev, B.V. (2016), “Law Basis and Practice the Appointment of Justices the US Supreme Court”, Ob-shhestvennye nauki. Pravo, № 4 (40), p. 32.
Nikson, R.M. (1992), Na arene. – Vospominaniya o pobedah, porazheniyah i vozrozhdenii [On the Arena. – Memories of victories, defeats and resurrection], Novosti, Moscow, Russia, 440 p.
Radosh, R. & J. Milton (1997), The Rosenberg File, Yale University Press, New Haven, USA, 617 p.
Reeves, R. (2002), President Nixon: Alone in the White House, Simon & Schuster, New York; London, USA; UK, 724 p.
Salomatin, A.Yu. (2013), Verhovnyy sud SShA: sudebnaya i pravovaya politika ot Dzh. Dzheya do Dzh. Robertsa [US Supreme Court: Judicial and Law Policy from John Jay to John Roberts], Infra-M, Moscow, Russia, 139 p.
Schmidhauser, J.R. & L.L. Berg (1972), The Supreme Court and Congress: conflict and interaction, 1945–1968, Free press, Collier-Macmillan, New York; London, USA; UK, 678 p.
Stolberg, Sh.G. (2012), “Future of an Aging Court Raises Stakes of Presidential Vote”, The New York Times, June 27.
Stone, G.R. & D.A. Strauss (2020), Democracy and equality: the enduring constitutional vision of the Warren court, Oxford University Press, New York, USA, 217 p.
The Judicial Branch of the Federal Government: Purpose, Process, and People U.S. Government: The Separation of Powers (2010), The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, New York, USA, 344 p.
“The Law: The Court's Uncompromising Libertarian” (1975), Time, Vol. 106, November 24, № 21, available at: http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,913732-1,00.html (accessed 28.06.2021).
“The official minutes of the Court. Friday, June 19, 1953” (1953), Journals of the Supreme Court of the United States, Government Printing Office, Washington, USA, pp. 258–259.
Tomlins, C. L. (ed.) (2005), The United States Supreme Court: The Pursuit of Justice, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston; New York, USA, 578 p.
Vieira, N. & L. Gross (1998), Supreme Court Appointments: Judge Bork and the Politicization of Senate Confirmations, SIU Press, Carbondale, USA, 310 p.
