THE MOORS AND BYZANTINE EMPEROR HERACLIUS (610–641 AD) BY “THE CHRONICLE” OF JOHN OF NIKIU: A SOURCE-STUDY PERSPECTIVE
Keywords:
Egypt, John of Nikiu, chronicles, the Moors, Byzantium, the North Africa, Heraclius, barbariansAbstract
The paper deals with a rather rare and little-studied text – the “Chronicle” of John of Nikiu, a Coptic chronicler who lived in Egypt in the second half of the 7th century and headed the bishopric in the city of Nikiu. The “Chronicle”, preserved only in Ethiopic version, contains many valuable testimonies on Egypt during the Arab conquest (640–643). The author examines the sources of John of Nikiu, trying to answer from whom John borrowed his evidence on the Moors who served in army of Byzantine Emperor Heraclius (610–641). Based on this subject, the author is looking over a historiography tradition that John followed when describing the way of life and tribal organization of the Moors who lived west of the Nile Delta. Having compared the evidence of John of Nikiu and John of Antioch, a unique Greek-speaking author living in the 7th century and mentioned the presence of the Moors within Heraclius’ army, the author concludes that John of Nikiu used the testimonies of the prominent Byzantine 6th-century historian Procopius of Caesarea, an eyewitness to the reign of Emperor Justinian I (527–565). John of Nikiu read Procopius’ works, as he himself strictly says, and, respectively, thanks to Procopius, John knew well about the tribal behaviour and political structures of the Moors. According to the author, Procopius influenced John not only in subjects, but also in emotions: like Procopius, John of Nikiu declared a sharp negative assessment of the Moors’ behaviour and tribal life. The Coptic chronicler constantly labeled them as barbarians.References
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References
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Carile, A. (1986), “Giovanni di Nikius, cronista bizantino-copto del VII secolo”, in Byzantium: tribute to Andreas N. Stratos, Vol. II, Theology and Philology, Nia A. Stratos, Athens, Greece, pp. 353–398.
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Elagina, D. (2018), The Textual Tradition of the Chronicle of John of Nikiu: Towards the Critical Edition of the Ethiopic Version, PhD Dissertation, Universität Hamburg, Germany, cvi + 125 p.
Fiaccadori, G. (2009), “John of Nikiou”, in Thomas, D. & B. Roggema (eds.), Christian-Muslim Relations.
A Bibliographical History, vol. I, Brill, Leiden; Boston, Netherlands; USA, pp. 209–218.
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Leveau, Ph. (1973), “L’aile II des Thraces, la tribu des Mazices et les praefecti gentis en Afrique du Nord”, Antiquités africaines, vol. 7, pp. 153–191.
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pp. 127–137.
Stickler, T. (2019), “Der Transkaukasische kriegsschauplatz bei Prokop”, in Hartmann, U. (ed.), Iberien zwischen Rom und Iran: Beiträge zur Geschichte und Kultur Transkaukasiens in der Antike, Franz Steiner, Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 153–177.
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Treadgold, W. (2007), The Early Byzantine Historians, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke; New York, USA, 431 p.
Windberg, Fr. (1939), “Tripolitana”, in Kroll, W. & K. Mittelhaus (eds.), Paulys Realencyclopädie, Neue Bearbei-tung, Zweite Reihe (R–Z), vol. 13, J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 210–212.
Witakowski, W. (2006), “Ethiopic Universal Chronography”, in Wallraff, M. (ed.), Julius Africanus und die christliche Weltchronistik, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin; New York, Germany; USA, pp. 285–301.
Yirga, F.-S. (2020), The Chronicle of John of Nikiu: Historical Writing in Post-Roman Egypt, PhD Dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA, 209 p.
Zuckerman, C. (1998), “Épitaphe d’un soldat africain d’Héraclius servant dans une unité indigène, découverte à Constantinople”, Antiquité Tardive, vol. 6, pp. 377–382.
