World War I in Popular Culture of Memory

Authors

  • N. N. Baranov Ural Federal University; Ural branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia)

Keywords:

World War I, Great Britain, Germany, France, popular culture, historical memor

Abstract

World War I is a unique phenomenon due to its large-scale influence on the historical process. Besides that, it started the so-called “short twentieth century”, which is characterized by a multiplicity of global human cataclysms. However, its place in historical memory of countries and peoples remains ambiguous and largely depends on their subsequent historical experience. The highly complex interrelation between academic science, historical politics and memorialization practices specifies the research interest in the mechanisms of development, dissemination and assimilation of the war experience as national and supranational memory sites. Within the modern developed information society, popular genres of mass culture are increasingly translating symbols, images and myths, which shape the structure of cultural memory of historical events. The reflection of World War I in the popular memory culture is the subject of a collective monograph under review in the article. The principal novelty of the monograph is its uniqueness in relation to the problem statement. Its methodology is based on the multidisciplinary approach, which, first of all, synthesizes history and philology, and includes the principles of cultural anthropology and intellectual history, as well as the concepts of collective memory. The authors propose the idea that over the last hundred years, three “memory waves” on the war can be identified. They give an original definition of the “popular memory culture”, which should not be confused with the concept of mass culture. Attention is paid to the problem of the marginalization of World War I in the collective memories of the Central and East European peoples. The book is divided into three large sections: (1) museums, exhibitions, and monuments, (2) literature and comic books, and (3) history on the move: films, television, historical theatre, and travelling. The most important conclusions include the following: (1) in the official political culture and collective memory, the history of the World War I events with statesmen and commanders in the central place is giving a way to the history of ordinary people with their traumatic experience and distress; and (2) with overcoming controversies in national versions of historical memories, this war can become a symbolic all-European memory site and can strengthen European identity based on collective grief.doi 10.17072/2219-3111-2018-4-31-39

Author Biography

N. N. Baranov, Ural Federal University; Ural branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia)

Doctor of Science in History, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History; Senior Research Fellow, Institute of History and Archaeology

References

Библиографический список

Колоницкий Б. И.Первая мировая война: культура эпохи и социальная память // Звезда. 2014. No 11. С. 199–216.

Пахалюк К. А. Первая мировая война и память о ней в современной России // Неприкосновенный запас. Дебаты о политике и культуре. 2017. No 1. С. 106–128.

Первая мировая война: историографические мифы и историческая память: в 3 кн. / под ред. О.В. Петровской. М.: Б.и., 2014.

Сенявская Е. С. Историческая память о Первой мировой войне: особенности формирования в России и на западе // Вестник МГИМО-Университета. 2009. No 2. С. 31–37.

Arand T. Geschichtskultur des Ersten Weltkriegs. Prolegomena zu einer Systematik // Die Urkatastrophe als Erinnerung. Geschichtskultur des Ersten Weltkriegs / Hrsg. von T. Arand. Münster: ZfL-Verlag, 2006. 226 S.

Der erste Weltkrieg in der populären Erinnerungskultur / Hrsg. von B. Kor-te, S. Paletschek, W. Hochbruck. Esssen: Klartext, 2008. 222 S.

Der verlorene Frieden. Politik und Kriegskultur nach 1918 / Hrsg. von J. Dülffer, G. Krumeich. Essen: Klartext, 2002. 300 S.

Fussell P. The Great War and Modern Memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975. 363 p.

Hochbruck W. Die Geschöpfe des Epimetheus. Veteranen, Erinnerung und die Reproduktion des amerikanischen Bürgerkriegs. Trier: WVT, 2011. 560 S.

The Penguin Book of First World War Poetry / Ed. by G. Walter. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2006. 448 p.

Reimann A. Der Erste Weltkrieg – Urkatastrophe oder Katalysator? // Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte. 2004. No 54. H. 29–30. S. 30–38.

Rüdiger M. Kontinuitätsthese und Kriegsschulddebatte. Die Fischer-Kontroverse in den Massenmedien 1961–1964/65. Freiburg, 2007. 121 S.

Rüsen J. Historische Orientierung: Über die Arbeit des Geschichtsbewusst-seins, sich in der Zeit zurechtzufinden. Köln; Weimar; Wien: Böhlau, 1994. 264 S.

Winter J. M. Remembering War: The Great War between History and Memory in the 20th Century. Yale: Yale University Press, 2006. 352 p.

–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War [In-ternet-portal]. URL: https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/bibliography/ (дата обращения: 23.06.2018).

References

–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, available at: https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/bibliography/ (accessed 22.10.2018).

Arand, T. (2006), Geschichtskultur des Ersten Weltkriegs. Prolegomena zu einer Systematik // Die Urkatastrophe als Erinnerung. Geschichtskultur des Ersten Weltkriegs. Hrsg. von T. Arand, ZfL-Verlag, Münster, Deutshland, 226 s.

Dülffer, J. & G. Krumeich (ed.) (2002), Der verlorene Frieden. Politik und Kriegskultur nach 1918, Klartext, Essen, Deutshland, 300 s.

Fussell, P. (1975), The Great War and Modern Memory, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 363 p.

Hochbruck, W. (2011), Die Geschöpfe des Epimetheus. Veteranen, Erinnerung und die Reproduktion des amerikanischen Bürgerkriegs, WVT, Trier, Deutshland, 560 s.

Kolonitskiy, B.I. (2014), „The First World War: the culture of the era and social memory“, Zvezda, No 11, pp. 199–216.

Korte B., Paletschek S. & W. Hochbruck (ed.) (2008), Der erste Weltkrieg in der populären Erinnerungskultur. Klartext, Esssen, Deutshland, 222 s.

Pahalyuk, K.A. (2017), „World War I and its memory in modern Russia“, Neprikosnovennyy zapas. Debaty o politike i kulture, No 1, pp. 106–128.

Petrovskaya, O.V. (ed.) (2014), Pervaya mirovaya voina: istoriograficheskie mify i istoricheskaya pamyat [World War I: Historiographical Myths and Historical Memory], vol. 3, RISI, Moscow, Russia, 872 p.

Reimann, A. (2004), „Der Erste Weltkrieg – Urkatastrophe oder Katalysator?“, Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, No 54, Heft 29–30, s. 30–38.

Rüdiger, M. (2007), Kontinuitätsthese und Kriegsschulddebatte. Die Fischer-Kontroverse in den Massenmedien 1961–1964/65, Freiburg, Deutshland, 121 s.

Rüsen, J. (1994), Historische Orientierung: Über die Arbeit des Geschichtsbewusstseins, sich in der Zeit zurechtzufinden, Böhlau, Köln/Weimar/Wien, Deutshland-Österreich, 264 s.

Senyavskaya, E.S. (2009), „Historical memory of the First World War: features of formation in Russia and in the West“, Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta, No 2, pp. 31–37.

Walter, G. (ed.) (2006), The Penguin Book of First World War Poetry, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, UK, 448 p.

Winter, J.M. (2006), Remembering War: The Great War between History and Memory in the 20th Century, Yale University Press, Yale, USA, 352 p.

Published

2019-09-30

How to Cite

Baranov, N. N. (2019). World War I in Popular Culture of Memory. PERM UNIVERSITY HERALD. History, 43(4), 31–39. Retrieved from https://press.psu.ru/index.php/history/article/view/2518