EUROPEAN NORTH OF RUSSIA (RUSSIAN NORTH). TOURIST POTENTIAL, MAIN PROBLEMS, TYPES OF TOURISM AND TOURIST ROUTES

Abstract

The European North of Russia occupies one of the most favorable positions in Russia in terms of tourism development, having a unique combination of natural and recreational conditions and the largest cultural heritage sites. The regions of the European North include: the Republic of Karelia, the Republic of Komi, the Arkhangelsk Region with the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Vologda and Murmansk Regions. During the Soviet period, the European North was called the Northern Economic Region. At present, the European North is part of the Northwestern Federal District. The European North opens up broad prospects for the development of water, cruise, cultural, educational, ecological, business, event, rural, pilgrimage, sports and other types of tourism. This is a monument of world culture, the identity of various peoples and ethnographic groups is represented here. Another name for the European North is the Russian North, rather a historical and cultural concept than a geographical or administrative one. In recent years, tourist flows from Russia and abroad have rushed to the Russian North. This is facilitated by the unique wealth of tourist resources, preserved traditional types of nature management, folk crafts and crafts, and a special geographical position as a subarctic and coastal region. Russia has great infrastructural and natural opportunities for the tourist development of the European North of the country, taking into account the importance of preserving the unique ecosystem of the region and the way of life of the indigenous peoples of the North. Tourism contributes to the development of territories and local communities: it stimulates entrepreneurial activity and the creation of new jobs, the emergence of social infrastructure facilities, and popularizes cultural and natural heritage