Modern understanding of technogenic transformation of nature during exploitation of oil fields and the role of special nature management regime areas

Review Paper

Abstract

The article is devoted to the modern idea of technogenic transformation of the nature during exploitation of oil fields. The paper analyzes the scale and consequences of anthropogenic impact on ecosystems associated with oil production and processing. Special attention is paid to the problems of land degradation, water resources, changes in soil and vegetation cover, as well as the impact on biodiversity. Current research shows that traditional approaches to environmental management in oil production are often insufficient to ensure the conservation of natural ecosystems. The article discusses the key factors that determine the intensity and nature of anthropogenic impacts: depth of occurrence, type of field, extraction technologies, and infrastructure. An important aspect is the role of special nature management areas (protected areas) in minimizing negative consequences. The article argues that effective protection of ecosystems and compensation for damage is possible only with an integrated approach, including strict compliance with environmental regulations, introduction of modern technologies, and in some cases, assigning special conservation status (protected areas) to increase the effectiveness of preserving and restoring damaged ecosystems. The paper emphasizes the need for a science-based approach to the planning and regulation of oil field development activities aimed at minimizing the negative impact to the environment.