U.S. policy in Afghanistan and the transformation of regional “balance of power” system
Keywords:
contemporary political processes in Afghanistan, U.S. foreign policy, balance of power in Central and South Asia, regional securityAbstract
The paper presents the analysis of the current U.S. foreign policy toward Afghanistan within the context of the NATO withdrawn from the country, as well as the development of the new sustainable U.S.-Afghan relations. The research goal is to discover the system dimensions and the key factors of the U.S. policy during last years. The research methodology is system and political economy analysis of international relations within neoclassical theory. The main focus of the research is made on the changes in the Afghan domestic policy including fragmentation and marginalization of Taliban and other radical Islamic movements as the further decay of the Pushtun tribal structure, the evolution of inter-ethnic compromise and the results of the “reconstruction of the state” in the context of the NATO’s military campaign and the U.S. political goals in Afghanistan and around in 2001–2014. At the same time, the author investigates the key points of the U.S. political strategy in Afghanistan after 2014 in relation to the transforming regional system of the balance of power. Besides that, the research examines the current role of Afghanistan as the regional transport crossroads in its relationship with the American policy toward Afghanistan and international policy in the South Asia and the Middle East in generalReferences
Список источников
Afghan transit trade continued to divert to Iran during 2013 // The International News. 2014. 3 January. URL: http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-7-224125-Afghan-transit-trade-continued-to-divert-to-Iran-during-2013 (дата обращения: 14.04.2014).
Afghanistan – Urban Population // Index Mundi. URL: http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/afghanistan/urban-population (дата обращения: 14.04.2014).
Afghanistan // Trade Profiles. 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 / World Trade Organization.
Afghanistan country brief // Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade / Australian Government. 2014. January. URL: http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/afghanistan/afghanistan_country_brief.html (дата обращения: 14.04.2014).
Afghanistan Foreign Policy // Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. URL: http://mfa.gov.af/en/page/3883 (дата обращения: 14.04.2014).
Afghanistan Opium Survey 2013: Summary Findings. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2013. November. P. 6. URL: http://www.unodc.org/documents/crop-monitoring/Afghanistan/Afghan_report_Summary_Findings_
pdf (дата обращения: 14.04.2014).
Afghanistan: Poverty and Inequality // Site Resources / World Bank. URL: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/223546-1328913542665/8436738-1340096876009/StatPlanet.html (дата обращения: 14.04.2014).
Chanlett-Avery E., Vaughn B. Emerging Trends in the Security Architecture in Asia: Bilateral and Multilateral Ties Among the United States, Japan, Australia, and India // Congressional Research Service Report. 2008. 7 January. 20 p.
China Shows Interest in Afghan Security, Fearing Taliban Would Help Separatists // The New York Times. 2012. 8 June. URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/09/world/asia/china-signals-interest-in-afghanistan-after-nato-leaves.
html?ref=janeperlez (дата обращения: 14.04.2014).
Cronin R. P. Afghanistan: Challenges and Options for Reconstructing Stable and Moderate State // Congressional Research Service Report. 2002. 10 May.
Decline in Afghan transit trade // Dawn.com. 2013. 29 April. URL: http://www.dawn.com/news/1025675/decline-in-afghan-transit-trade/ (дата обращения: 14.04.2014).
Downs E. China Buys into Afghanistan // SAIS Review. 2012. Vol. 32, No. 2. Summer-Fall.
Enduring Strategic partnership agreement between the United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. 2012. 2 May.
Factbox: Relations between Afghanistan and China // Reuters. 2011. 4 October. URL: http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/04/us-afghanistan-china-fb-idUSTRE79325D20111004 (дата обращения: 14.04.2014).
How Taliban talks have become deadlocked in Doha // BBC News Asia. 2013. 12 July. URL: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-23274081?print=true (дата обращения: 14.04.2014).
In Old Taliban Strongholds, Qualms About What Lies Ahead // The New York Times. 2013. 8 January. URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/09/world/asia/in-old-taliban-strongholds-qualms-on-what-lies-ahead.html?ref=alissajohannsenrubin (дата обращения: 14.04.2014).
Karzai Arranged Secret Contacts With the Taliban // The New York Times. 2014. 3 February. URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/04/world/asia/karzai-has-held-secret-contacts-with-the-taliban.html?_r=0 (дата обращения: 14.04.2014);
Katzman K. Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy Concerns // Congressional Research Service Report. 2001. 15 November.
Katzman K. Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security and U.S. Policy // Congressional Research Service Report. 2013. January.
Officials: Al-Qaida plots comeback in Afghanistan // Associated Press. 2014. 28 February. URL: http://news.yahoo.com/officials-al-qaida-plots-comeback-afghanistan-050828184.html (дата обращения: 14.04.2014).
Settled Population by Civil Division, Urban, Rural and Sex-2012-13 // Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2012-13 / Central Statistic Organization of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. URL: http://cso.gov.af/Content/files/Settled%20Population%20by%20Civil%20Division,.pdf (дата обращения: 14.04.2014).
Squassoni Sh. India and Iran: WMD Proliferation Activities // Congressional Research Service Report. 2006. 8 November.
The Taliban // Mapping Militant Organizations / Stanford University. 2012. 28 November. URL: http://www.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/print_view/367 (дата обращения: 14.04.2014).
Transit trade: Pakistan’s perishable goods export to Central Asia to get a boost // The Express Tribune. 2013. 20 October. URL: http://tribune.com.pk/story/619849/transit-trade-pakistans-perishable-goods-export-to-central-asia-to-get-a-boost/ (дата обращения: 14.04.2014);
U.S. Said to Weigh 10,000 Troops or None in Afghanistan // Bloomberg. 2014. 23 January. URL: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-01-22/u-s-said-to-weigh-10-000-troops-or-none-in-afghanistan.html (дата обращения:14.04.2014).
Афганистан: Страновой отчет о проделанной работе по реализации Плана действий для Стратегии по транспорту и содействию торговле // Центрально-Азиатское региональное экономическое сотрудничество. 2009. 25 апреля.
Библиографический список
Ahrari, M. Ehsan. China, Pakistan, and the «Taliban Syndrome» // Asian Survey. 2000. Vol. 40, No. 4.
Barfield T. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. Princeton University Press, 2010.
Dorronsoro G. Revolution Unending. Afghanistan: 1979 to the Present. London: 2005.
Gilpin R. Global political economy: understanding the international economic order. Princeton University Press, 2001.
Hopkins B.D. The Making of Modern Afghanistan. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
Kepel G. Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. I.B. Tauris & Co, 2006.
Prados J. Notes in the CIA’s Secret War in Afghanistan // The Journal of American History. 2002. Vol. 89, No. 2.
Богатуров А.Д., Косолапов Н.А., Хрусталев М.А. Очерки теории и политического анализа международных отношений. М., 2002.
Войтоловский Ф.Г. Перспективы исхода НАТО из Афганистана // Год Планеты 2012. Экономика, политика, безопасность: ежегодник / отв. ред. В.Г. Барановский. М., 2012.
Замараева Н. Пакистан – Саудовская Аравия: стратегическое сотрудничество. Ч. 1 // Новое Восточное обозрение. 2014. 28 марта. URL: http://ru.journal-neo.org/2014/03/28/rus-pakistan-saudovskaya-araviya-strategicheskoe-sotrudnichestvo-chast-1/ (дата обращения: 14.04.2014).
Косолапов Н.А. Политико-психологический анализ социально-территориальных систем. М., 1994.
Хрусталев М.А. Анализ международных ситуаций и политическая экспертиза: очерки теории и методологии. М., 2008.
Шебаршин Л. Рука Москвы: записки начальники советской разведки. М., 2002.
References
Ahrari, M. Ehsan. China, Pakistan, and the «Taliban Syndrome» . Asian Survey. 2000. Vol. 40, No. 4.
Barfield T. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. Princeton University Press, 2010. 404 p.
Dorronsoro G. Revolution Unending. Afghanistan: 1979 to the Present. London: 2005. 400 p.
Gilpin R. Global political economy: understanding the international economic order. Princeton University Press, 2001.
Hopkins B.D. The Making of Modern Afghanistan. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. 279 p.
Kepel G. Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. I.B. Tauris & Co, 2006.
Prados J. Notes in the CIA’s Secret War in Afghanistan. The Journal of American History. 2002. Vol. 89, No. 2.
Bogaturov A.D., Kosolapov N.A., Khrustalev M.A. Ocherki teorii i politicheskogo analiza mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy. M., 2002.
Voytolovskiy F.G. Perspektivy iskhoda NATO iz Afganistana . God Planety 2012. Ekonomika, politika, bezopasnost': Ezhegodnik / Otv. red. V.G. Baranovskiy. M., 2012. S. 105–117.
Zamaraeva N. Pakistan – Saudovskaya Araviya: strategicheskoe sotrudnichestvo. Ch. 1 // Novoe Vostochnoe Obozrenie. 2014. 28 marta. URL: http://ru.journal-neo.org/2014/03/28/rus-pakistan-saudovskaya-araviya-strategicheskoe-sotrudnichestvo-chast-1/ (data obrashcheniya: 14.04.2014).
Kosolapov N.A. Politiko-psikhologicheskiy analiz sotsial'no-territorial'nykh sistem. M., 1994.
Khrustalev M.A. Analiz mezhdunarodnykh situatsiy i politicheskaya ekspertiza: ocherki teorii i metodologii. M., 2008.
Shebarshin L. Ruka Moskvy: zapiski nachal'niki sovetskoy razvedki. M., 2002. 430 s.
