Prince Аlbert and Preparation of the First World Industrial Exhibition in London
Keywords:
Prince Albert, Queen Victoria, Henry Cole, the Royal Society of Arts, First World Industrial ExhibitionAbstract
Prince Albert Saxe-Coburg-Gotha became the husband of the British Queen Victoria in 1840. The British society and the country as a whole did not accept or recognize him at first. The exhibition of 1851 was the event that changed the attitude to Albert in Britain. Based on published sources (speeches, addresses, and letters of Prince Albert) and studies by British, American, Russian historians, the article analyzes the activities of Prince Albert during the preparation of the First World Industrial Exhibition in London. The author draws attention to the debatable nature of the question of who owned the initiative to hold such an event in the British capital. In 1847, Prince Albert became a chairman of the Royal Society of Arts where he met Henry Cole. The Royal Society provided financial support to the exhibitions of British manufacturers in 1847 and 1849. The idea to organize the first world industrial exhibition in London appeared in the course of the joint work of Cole and Prince Albert. The Royal Commission for the preparation of the exhibition headed by Prince Albert was created in 1850. Albert showed himself as a talented organizer. He was persistent in overcoming the obstacles that occurred at all stages of the implementation of the grandiose plan. The first World Industrial Exhibition was opened on the 1st of May 1851. The tremendous success of the event contributed to the growth of popularity and authority of Prince Albert in Britain, and also began the tradition of conducting international reviews of the achievements of mankind, which is preserved today.doi 10.17072/2219-3111-2018-2-38-46References
Список источников
Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations: in 3 vol. / by Authority of the Royal Commission. London: Spicer Brothers; W. Clowes and Sons, 1851. Vol. I. Index and introductory. Raw materials. Machinery. 882 p. URL: https://archive.org/details/cihm_42382; Vol. 2. Manufactures. Fine arts. Colonies. 760 p. URL: https://archive.org/details/cihm_42383; Vol. 3. Foreign states. 774 p. URL: https://archive.org/details/cihm_42384 (дата обращения: 05.01.2018).
Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations / by Authority of the Royal Commission. London: Spicer Brothers; W. Clowes and Sons, 1851. Supplementary vol. 716 p. URL: https://archive.org/details/b21495361_0004 (дата обращения: 05.01.2018).
Speech at the Banquet Given by the Lord Mayor of the York, and the Mayors of the Chief Cities and Towns of the United Kingdom, to the Lord Mayor of London. October 25th, 1850 // The Principal Speeches and Addresses of His Royal Highness the Prince Consort. London: John Murray, 1862. P. 118–125. URL: https://archive.org/details/principalspeeche00albeiala (дата обращения: 03.08.2017).
Speech at the Banquet Given by the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor, Thomas Farncombe, to Her Majesty’s Ministers, Foreign Ambassadors, Royal Commissioners of the Exhibition of 1851, and the Mayors of One Hundred and Eighty Towns, at the Mansion House. March 21st, 1850 // The Principal Speeches and Addresses of His Royal Highness the Prince Consort. London: John Murray, 1862. P. 109–114. URL: https://archive.org/details/principalspeeche00albeiala (дата обращения: 12.08.2017).
To King Frederick William of Prussia/ Buckingham Palace, 14th April 1851// Letters of the Prince Consort 1831-1861 /Sel. and ed. by Dr. Kurt Jagow. London: John Murray, 1938. P. 175–177. URL: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.174741 (дата обращения: 02.08.2017).
To Prince William of Prussia. Osborne. 20th August 1850 // Letters of the Prince Consort 1831–1861 / Sel. and ed. by Dr. Kurt Jagow. London: John Murray, 1938. P. 163–165. URL: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.174741 (дата обращения: 02.08.2017).
To Prince William of Prussia. Windsor Castle. 29th December 1850 // Letters of the Prince Consort 1831–1861 / Sel. and ed. by Dr. Kurt Jagow. London: John Murray, 1938. P. 171–175. URL: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.174741 (дата обращения: 02.08.2017).
Библиографический список
Alexander E. P. Henry Cole and the South Kensington Museum // Museum Masters Their Museums and Their Influence. Nashville, Tennessee: The American Association for State and Local History, 1983. P. 143–175. URL: http://courtauld.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/9.-E.-Alexander-Henry-Cole-and-the-South-Kensington-Victoria-and-Albert-Museum.pdf (дата обращения: 08.08.2017).
Edwards A.D. The Role of International Exhibitions in Britain, 1850–1910. Perceptions of Economic Decline and the Technical Education Issue. Amherst; New York: Cambria Press, 2008. 290 p. URL: http://www.cambriapress.com/camber.cfm?bookid=9781604975307&page=xvi& (дата обращения: 12.08.2017).
Gwin K. The Axis of Change: The Great Exhibition of 1851. 2008. November 10. URL: http://www.harding.edu/jeharris/hist461/greatexhibit.pdf (дата обращения: 10.08.2015).
Handbook to the Prince Consort National Memorial. Published by Authority of the Executive Committee. London: John Murray, 1874. 80 p. URL: https://archive.org/details/handbooktoprince00unse (дата обращения: 30.07.2015).
Jones K. Victoria & Albert. Art & Love. «To Wed High Art with Mechanical Skill»: Prince Albert and the Industry of Art. London: Royal Collection Enterprises Limited, 2012. 16 p. URL: https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/sites/default/files/V%20and%20A%20Art%20and%20Love%20(Jones).pdf (дата обращения: 10.08.2015).
May T. Economic and Social History of Britain, 1760–1990. London: Longman, 1996. 528 p.
Nichols W. The Beloved Prince: a Memoir of His Royal the Highness the Prince Consort. London: Wesleyan Conference Office, 1880. 227 p. URL: https://archive.org/details/belovedprinceam00nichgoog (дата обращения: 04.08.2017).
Александр Ф., л ́Онуа Б. де. Королева Виктория. М.: Молодая гвардия, 2007. 495 с.
Викторианцы. Столпы британской политики XIX в. / отв. ред. И.М. Узнародов. Ростов н/Д.: Экспертное бюро, 1996. 208 с.
Денисов Б. Конец Хрустального дворца. 2006. URL: www.vmdaily.ru/article.php?aid=29363 (дата обращения: 20.08.2015).
Дитрич Т.В. Повседневная жизнь викторианской Англии. М.: Молодая гвардия, 2007. 382 с.
Зайцев В.П. Первые всемирные промышленные выставки в Лондоне // Новая и новейшая история. 2001. No 4. С. 188–193.
Макотина С. А. Первая Всемирная промышленная выставка Лондон, 1851 г.: Развитие и эксплуатация поствыставочного пространства всемирных промышленных выставок XIX – начала XX в. // Известия вузов. Инвестиции. Строительство. Недвижимость. 2011. No 1 (1). С. 179–193.
Пикард Л. Викторианский Лондон. М.: Изд-во Ольги Морозовой, 2005. URL.: http://www.e-reading.life/book.php?book=1014384 (дата обращения: 24.07.2017).
Стрэчи Л. Королева Виктория. Ростов н/Д.: Феникс, 1999. 352 с.
Суртаев П.Б. Принц-консорт Альберт и его роль в общественно-политической жизни Великобритании: Автореф. дис. ... канд. ист. наук. СПб., 2008. 26 с. URL: http://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/01003451842 (дата обращения: 24.07.2017).
Хибберт К. Королева Виктория. М.: АСТ: ЛЮКС, 2005. 700 с.
Шпаков В.Н. История всемирных выставок. М.: АСТ, Зебра Е, 2008. 384 с.
References
Alexander, E. P. (1983), “Henry Cole and the South Kensington Museum”, in Museum Masters Their Museums and Their Influence, The American Association for State and Local History, Nashville, Tennessee, USA, pp. 143–175, available at: http://courtauld.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/9.-E.-Alexander-Henry-Cole-and-the-South-Kensington-Victoria-and-Albert-Museum.pdf (accessed 08.08.2017).
Aleksandr, F., de l ́Onua, B. (2007), Koroleva Viktoriya [Queen Victoria], Molodaya gvardiya, Moscow, Russia, 495 p.
Denisov, B. (2006), Konets Khrustalnogo dvortsa [The End of the Crystal Palace], available at: www.vmdaily.ru/article.phpaid=29363 (accessed 20.08.2015).
Ditrich, T.V. (2007), Povsednevnaya zhizn viktorianskoi Anglii [The daily life of Victorian England], Molodaya gvardiya, Moscow, Russia, 382 p.
Edwards, A.D. (2008), The Role of International Exhibitions in Britain, 1850-1910, Perceptions of Economic Decline and the Technical Education Issue, Cambria Press, Amherst, New York, USA, 290 p., available at: http://www.cambriapress.com/camber.cfm?bookid=9781604975307&page=xvi& (accessed 12.08.2017).
Gwin, K. (2008), The Axis of Change: The Great Exhibition of 1851. November 10, available at: http://www.harding.edu/jeharris/hist461/greatexhibit.pdf (accessed 10.08.2015).
Handbook to the Prince Consort National Memorial. Published by Authority of the Executive Committee (1874), John Murray, London, UK, 80 p., pp. 78–79, available at: https://archive.org/details/handbooktoprince00unse (accessed 30.07.2017).
Hibbert, K. (2005), Koroleva Viktoriya [Queen Victoria], AST: LYUKS, Moscow, Russia, 700 p.
Jones, K. (2012), Victoria & Albert. Art & Love. “To Wed High Art with Mechanical Skill”: Prince Albert and the Industry of Art, London, UK, 16 p., available at: https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/sites/default/files/V%20and%20A%20Art%20and%20Love%20(Jones).pdf (accessed 10.08.2015).
Makotina, S. A. (2011), “The First World Industrial Exhibition London, 1851: Development and operation of the post-exhibition space of the world industrial exhibitions of the XIX – early XX century”, Izvestiya vuzov. Inves- titsii. Stroitelstvo. Nedvizhimost, No 1 (1), pp. 179–193.
May, T. (1996), Economic and Social History of Britain, 1760–1990, Longman, London, UK, 528 p.
Nichols, W. (1880), The Beloved Prince: a Memoir of His Royal the Highness the Prince Consort, Wesleyan Conference Office, London, UK, 227 p., available at: https://archive.org/details/belovedprinceam00nichgoog (accessed 04.08.2017).
Pikard, L. (2005), Viktorianskiy London [Victorian London], Izd-vo Ol’gi Morozovoy, Moscow, Russia, available at: http//www.e-reading.life/book.phpbook=1014384 (accessed 24.07.2017).
Shpakov, V.N. (2008), Istoriya vsemirnykh vystavok [History of World Exhibitions], AST: Zebra E, Moscow, Russia, 384 p.
Strechi, L. (1999), Koroleva Viktoriya [Queen Victoria], Feniks, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 352 p.
Surtaev, P.B. (2008), Prints konsort Albert i ego rol v obshchestvenno-politicheskoy zhizni Velikobritanii: Avtoref. dis. ... kand. ist. nauk [Prince Consort Albert and his role in the social and political life of Great Britain: Extended abstract of PhD dissertation], St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia, 26 p., available at: http://dlib.rsl.ru/viewer/01003451842 (accessed 24.07.2017).
Uznarodov, I. M. (ed.) (1996), Victoriantsy. Stolpy britanskoy politiki XIX v. [The Victorians. Pillars of British policy XIX century], Ekspertnoye byuro, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 208 p.
Zaitsev, V.P. (2001), “The first world industrial exhibitions in London”, Novaya i noveishaya istoriya, No 4, pp. 188–193.
