PECULIARITIES OF CHANGES IN CLIMATE COMFORT INDICES IN THE CITY OF PERM AND SIBERIAN CITIES IN COLD AND WARM PERIODS OF THE YEAR

Abstract

Weather and climate have a great impact on various sectors of the economy, as well as on human well-being andperformance. In weather-sensitive people, a sudden change in weather can be accompanied by a deterioration in their general conditionand exacerbation of chronic diseases. The main meteorological indicators of weather and climate comfort for humans are temperature,humidity and air pressure, wind speed, precipitation. Comfort is characterized through bioclimatic indices, which physically describethe features of the thermal structure of the environment, being an indirect indicator of the state of the thermal field surrounding a person. The paper deals with the most widespread bioclimatic indices – effective temperature (ET) and equivalent effective temperature(EET), which are widely used in Russia and CIS countries. The study of the peculiarities of changes in ET and EET in cold and warmperiods of the year in the cities of Perm, Omsk, Novosibirsk, and Krasnoyarsk, all having over a million inhabitants, for 1991-2020showed that according to EET the climate in all the cities is more severe than according to ET, especially in the cold period. This isexplained by the fact that at temperatures below +7°C, any wind (even for a fully clothed person) is a cooling factor. The maximumvalues of ET in all months of the cold period are observed in Perm, the westernmost of the studied cities, where the warming influenceof the Atlantic has an effect. The maximum values of EET in November-January are recorded in Perm, in other months – in Krasnoyarsk, where, firstly, the wind load is noticeably less than in Perm, and secondly, the presence of a polynya in the lower reach of theKrasnoyarsk Reservoir has an impact, especially in February and March. The variability of ET and EET in the warm period of the yearis more diverse than in the cold period. In both warm and cold periods, there is a stable tendency for positive anomalies to increasewith time, indicating an increase in climate comfort. However, in Krasnoyarsk, in the cold period, there is a tendency for a decrease inpositive anomalies, indicating a decline in climate comfort.