About thermobaric factors of mineralization

Abstract

Basig on the of resulti-year thermobarageochemical investigations it has beer shown that the origin of gualitative industrial ores depends on temperature, pressure, aggregate condition, composition and concentration of ore-forming fluids. It has beer shown that gualitative and formation of mineral associaons directiy depends on composition and concentration of hydrotherms during productive stages. Depending on specific conditions of mineral formation, secondary minerals emerged on each specific site of diatremes by initial magnesia silicates, occurrence of which took place either without carry-over of material from parent rock, or with carry-over (partially or completely) of magnesium or oxide of silicon. A complex of methods was worked out for identification, quantitative estimation and mapping of postmagmatic and hypergene minerals of kimberlite rocks. Together with pneumatolytic-hydrothermal processes, which occurred in situation close to isochemical, metasomatism (auto-metasomatism) has been widespread in kimberlite diatremes. It was proposed that all minerals that formed from thermal solutions should be perceived as kimberlite new formations, which are supposed to be not only postmagmatic juvenile, but also those formed both in the period of pipes origination, and at much later stages of their formation (including hypergene conditions). Typomorphic features of identified in kimberlites minerals of classes are provided: silicates, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides, sulfides, sulfates, halogenides, phosphates and borates. Distinctions were established in mineral composition of new formations not only in various pipes, but in plan of individual bodies or blocks of one and the same diatreme as well.