ФИЛОСОФСКОЕ ОСМЫСЛЕНИЕ ОППОЗИЦИИ «СВОЙ – ЧУЖОЙ»

Abstract

In the modern world, the focus of cognitive scientific thought is on the issues of categorization and use of categories by a person. The increased interest of scientists is caused by the idea of a category as a special cognitive process, a way of organizing a conceptual system that has sensory experience as its source. The opposition «Friend – Foe» is one of the oldest mental constants that are in demand even today, and permeates all spheres of human existence. This category is fundamental for the development of an ethnos and allows an individual to structure the space and determine the properties of the objects located in it in relation to himself or his personal space. The opposition has a social nature and underlies the formation of national and social identity. The problem of self-determination of a person, the need to mark the boundaries of «friends» and «foes» create the basis for the philosophical understanding of this category and the cultural and historical analysis of the opposition «Friend – Foe». Within the framework of the philosophical approach, the study of the opposition «Friend – Foe» has a long scientific tradition. Over time, the opposition «Friend – Foe» takes on such forms as «human – non-human», «we – they», «I – Other / Others», which reflect the change in both the opposition itself and the culture in which it exists. Modern philosophical views assume knowledge of the world on the basis of similarity, identity, similarity or difference. The experience of world history with its wars and confrontations reveals the division into “us” and “them”, and the reflection of the opposition in various forms of interpersonal and intercultural communication, transformation into other dichotomous types with characteristics of peculiarity, alienation and otherness are in the center of attention of public consciousness.