Corrective opportunities of psychological protection to increase the adaptation of the person
Psychology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2019-3-345-355Keywords:
Personal psychological defense, defense mechanisms, psychological defense correction, correction methods, psychotherapy, constructive psychological defense, frustration situationAbstract
The article considers possibilities of influence on psychological protection of the person, its formation and correction. Factors causing difficulty of correction of psychological defense are revealed: depth of formation and stability of protective-adaptive process, lack of awareness and criticality to own unconscious component, danger of psychological defense destruction in the absence of worthy alternative and objectively existing provocation of external world, constantly traumatizing an individual. The criteria of psychological defense development were defined: increase in use of mechanisms from highly adaptive group and decrease in use of maloadaptive mechanisms, expansion of the spectrum of used defense mechanisms, more flexible use of defense mechanisms. Factors influencing formation of psychological protection are revealed: the sense of frustration of the personality and the received experience of the personality; also the directions of therapy corresponding to them are revealed: working through frustrating situations of the personality and training in constructive mechanisms of protection. Four methods of correction of psychological protection were analyzed: person-centered psychotherapy, suggestive psychotherapy, psychotraining and art therapy. It was concluded that all of the four considered methods have weighty bases for their use for correction of psychological defense but each has its own principles and mechanisms of action and consequently nuances of direction and power of influence on individual's psyche which is expedient to take into account in the process of therapy. For example, the training method has the main focus on training and relies on the conscious structures of the psyche, while suggestive psychotherapy is more associated with the unconscious components of the psyche and is mainly directed at working through the deep frustrations of the individual. Personality-oriented therapy is also directed at working through an individual's deep psychological traumas, as its essence is the reconstruction of traumatic experiences. Art therapy can equally act both in teaching constructive defense mechanisms and in working through an individual's frustrating situations.References
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