Имплицитные предсказания удовлетворенности браком по восприятию экспрессивных черт
Психология
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2021-4-628-642Ключевые слова:
имплицитные теории, социальная перцепция, экстраверсия, доброжелательность, Большая Пятерка, удовлетворенность бракомАннотация
Исследование посвящено проблеме определения зон прогностической точности обыденного восприятия. Изучались имплицитные представления женщин о степени удовлетворенности браком объектов мужского пола с контрастно выраженными полюсами личностных черт. В исследовании приняли участие 100 женщин в возрасте от 17 до 48 лет (М = 22,11, SD = 4,23). На первом этапе респондентки заполняли опросник «Большая пятерка-2». После этого они изучали ответы на этот же опросник, данные якобы молодым человеком, демонстрирующим яркую выраженность одной из четырех черт: экстраверсии, интроверсии, доброжелательности или враждебности. После этого участницам предлагалось заполнить опросник «Удовлетворенность браком» так, как это, по их мнению, сделал бы этот молодой человек. Данные обрабатывались с помощью ANOVA. Было выявлено, что женщины приписывают экстравертированным и интровертированным мужчинам одинаковый уровень удовлетворенности браком. В основе таких суждений лежит, по всей видимости, механизм проекции, благодаря которому субъекты с высокой экстраверсией прогнозируют более успешный брак экстраверту, а интровертированные субъекты приписывают интроверту и экстраверту одинаково успешный брак. Таким образом, с поправкой на действие проективного механизма можно сказать, что имплицитная теория экстравертированной личности согласуется с данными исследований о связях экстраверсии и субъективного благополучия. Доброжелательным мужчинам женщины приписывали значимо более высокую удовлетворенность браком, чем враждебным мужчинам. Это свидетельствует о том, что имплицитная теория доброжелательной личности не воспроизводит объективной вариабельности сценариев ее межличностного взаимодействия. Полученные результаты расширяют представления об ограничениях имплицитных теорий и могут быть использованы для учета и предупреждения когнитивных искажений в сфере социального восприятия.Библиографические ссылки
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