Сражение за Марианские острова в июне – августе 1944 года: трагическая судьба гражданского населения
Ключевые слова:
Вторая мировая война, сражение за Марианские острова, массовые самоубийства, военные преступленияАннотация
Анализируются малоизученные факты массовой гибели гражданских лиц, массовых самоубийств и военных преступлений в ходе боев за Марианские острова (Сайпан, Тиниан и Гуам), которые стали одними из наиболее кровопролитных в войне на Тихом океане. Особенности японской идеологии, плохая оперативная подготовка вооруженных сил США и жестокость боев привели к гибели тысяч гражданских лиц.Библиографические ссылки
Библиографический список
Морисон С. Э. Американский ВМФ во Второй мировой войне: Восходящее солнце над Тихим океаном, декабрь 1941 — апрель 1942. М.; СПб., 2002.
Роско Т. Боевые действия подводных лодок США во второй мировой войне. М., 1957.
Шерман Ф. Война на Тихом океане: Авианосцы в бою / сост. С. Переслегин, Л. Голод. М., 2002.
Ямабэ М. Парашютисты японского флота. М., 1959.
Battle Experience. Supporting operations for the capture of the Marianas islands (Saipan, Guam and Tinian). June – August 1944. Secret Information Bulletin № 20 // Washington D.C.: United States Fleet. Headquarters of the commander in chief. Navy Department. 1944. URL: http://dreadnoughtproject.org/friends/dickson/Marianas%20Battle%20Experience%203.pdf (дата обращения: 22.04.2015).
Chapin C. John. Breaching of the Marianas: The battle for Saipan // Washington D.C.: Marine Corps Historical Center, 1994.
Crowl A. P., Conn S. United States Army in World War II. The war in Pacific. Campaign in the Marianas // Washington D.C.: Office of the chief of military history. Department of the Army, 1959.
Gabaldon G. An Interview and discussion // The War Times Journal. 1998. URL: http://www.wtj.com/articles/gabaldon/ (дата обращения: 22.04.2015).
Headquarters Expeditionary Troops Task Force 56: Report by G-1 on Forager // San Francisco. Office of the Headquarters, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, 1944. URL: http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc. org/cdm/ singleitem/ collection/ p4013coll8/ id/656/rec/30 (дата обращения: 22.04.2015).
Hoffman W. Carl. Saipan: The beginning of the End // Washington D.C.: Historical Branch G-3 Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 1950.
Hoffman W. Carl. The seizure of Tinian // Washington D.C.: Historical Branch G-3 Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 1951.
HM9-16. Saipan // 2nd Marine Division. 1944. URL: http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/
ref/Saipan-HB/index.html (дата обращения: 22.04.2015).
Hudges M. When soldiers kill civilians: Battle for Saipan, 1944. // History Today. 2010. Vol. 60, № 2.
Japanese naval and merchant shipping losses during World War II by all causes // The Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee, 1947..
Smith M. Holland. Coral and Brass // Washington D.C.: Department of the Navy. Headquarters United States Marine Corps, 1989.
Stewart H. W. An Analysis of the 1944 Japanese Defense of Saipan. URL http://www.saipanstewart.
com/essays/Defense%20of%20Saipan.html (дата обращения: 22.04.2015).
References
Battle Experience. Supporting operations for the capture of the Marianas islands (Saipan, Guam and Tinian). June – August 1944. Secret Information Bulletin № 20. Washington D.C.: United States Fleet. Headquarters of the commander in chief. Navy Department. 1944. URL: http://dreadnoughtproject.org/friends/dickson/
Marianas%20Battle%20Experience%203.pdf (data obrashhenija: 22.04.2015).
Chapin C. J. Breaching of the Marianas: The battle for Saipan. / Washington D.C.: Marine Corps Historical Center, 1994.
Crowl A. P., Conn S. United States Army in World War II. The war in Pacific. Campaign in the Marianas. Washington D.C.: Office of the chief of military history. Department of the Army, 1959.
Gabaldon G. An Interview and discussion / The War Times Journal, 1998. URL: http://www.wtj.com/articles/gabaldon/ (data obrashhenija: 22.04.2015).
Headquarters Expeditionary Troops Task Force 56: Report by G-1 on Forager. / San Francisco. Office of the Headquarters, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, 1944. URL: http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc. org/cdm/ singleitem/ collec-tion/ p4013coll8/ id/656/rec/30 (data obrashhenija: 22.04.2015).
HM9-16. Saipan / 2nd Marine Division. 1944. URL: http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/ref/Saipan-HB/index.html (data obrashhenija: 22.04.2015).
Hoffman W. C. Saipan: The beginning of the End. Washington D.C.: Historical Branch G-3 Division, Headquar-ters, U.S. Marine Corps, 1950.
Hoffman W. C. The seizure of Tinian. Washington D.C.: Historical Branch G-3 Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 1951.
Hudges M. When soldiers kill civilians: Battle for Saipan, 1944. History Today. 2010. Vol. 60 № 2
Japanese naval and merchant shipping losses during World War II by all causes / The Joint Army-Navy Assess-ment Committee, 1947.
Morison S. E. Amerikanskiy VMF vo Vtoroy Mirovoy voyne: Voshodyashee solntse nad Tihim okeanom, dekabr 1941 — aprel 1942. [History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. The Rising Sun in the Pacific, 1931 – April 1942] / М., 2002.
Roscoe Т. Boevye deystvya podvodnyh lodok SSHA vo Vtoroy Mirovoy voine.[United States Submarine Operations in World War II] / М., 1957.
Sherman F. Voyna na Tihom okeane: Avianostsy v boyu [Combat Command: The American Aircraft Carriers in the Pacific War ] / М., 2002.
Smith M. H. Coral and Brass. / Washington D.C.: Department of the Navy. Headquarters United States Marine Corps, 1989.
Stewart H. W. An Analysis of the 1944 Japanese Defense of Saipan. URL http://www.saipanstewart.com /essays/Defense%20of%20Saipan.html (data obrashhenija: 22.04.2015).
Yamabe M. Parashutisty yaponskogo flota. [Navy Paratroopers]. М., 1959.
