Темная Тетрада личности: обзор современных исследований: Психология

Федор Валерьевич Дериш

doi:10.17072/2078-7898/2021-2-222-235

Авторы

Федор Валерьевич Дериш Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, 614990, Пермь, ул. Букирева, 15;

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2021-2-222-235

Ключевые слова:

личность, личностные черты, Темная триада, Темная Тетрада, Макиавеллизм, нарциссизм, психопатия, повседневный садизм

Аннотация

Последние исследования в изучении социально-неодобряемых (негативных) личностных характеристик посвящены расширению и улучшению существующих концептов и моделей. Путем присоединения к Темной триаде негативных черт повседневного садизма была сформирована модель «Темная Тетрада» личности. Целью настоящей работы является анализ современных исследований, направленных на изучение Темной Тетрады личности, а именно Макиавеллизма, субклинических психопатии, нарциссизма и садизма. Исследования показывают, что в последнее время повседневный садизм рассматривается как нормативная черта личности, характеризующаяся склонностью к целенаправленному унижению других людей, причинению физических, сексуальных или психологических страданий другим людям ради получения удовольствия. Сходными проявлениями повседневного садизма и черт Темной триады являются асоциальное поведение в повседневности и в сети Интернет. Повседневный садизм выступает лучшим предиктором различных проявлений: девиантного поведения подростков, неспровоцированной агрессии, травли, кибербуллинга, контрпродуктивного поведения на работе. Садизм и психопатия являются наиболее негативными чертами и связаны с девиантными и асоциальными проявлениями. В исследованиях, посвященных анализу структуры черт Тетрады, было показано, что (1) садизм приводит к большей устойчивости Темной Тетрады, (2) черты комплекса эмпирически и теоретически перекрываются, а (3) общим ядром выступают скорее дефицит эмпатии (бессердечность) и манипулятивность, нежели другие характеристики.

Биография автора

Федор Валерьевич Дериш, Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, 614990, Пермь, ул. Букирева, 15;

старший преподаватель кафедры общей и клинической психологии

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