К 60-летию существования понятия «имплицитная теория» в психологической науке
Психология
Ключевые слова:
имплицитная теория, категоризация, категория, конструкт, прототип, значение, концептАннотация
В статье представлены результаты теоретического анализа содержания понятия «имплицитная теория» в психологической науке. Дается краткое описание пяти научных подходов к изучению имплицитных теорий (традиционный подход, конструктивный альтернативизм, прототипический подход, психосемантический подход, теория теории). Подход рассматривается нами как принципиальная методологическая ориентация исследования. Показано, что, несмотря на декларируемые различия, перечисленные подходы содержат ряд общих идей на уровне философских оснований, основных положений и методов исследования.Библиографические ссылки
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(25). Cronbach L.J. Processes affecting «understanding of others» and «assumed similarity». Technical report no. 10/ Study performed under Contract N6-ori-07135 with the Office of Naval Research. Project on social perception and group effectiveness. August, 1954.
(26). Dweck C.S., Chiu C., Hong Y. Implicit theories and their role in judgments and reactions: а world from two perspectives // Psychological Inquiry, 1995, no 6, pp. 267–285.
(27). Gervey B., Chiu C., Hong Y, Dweck C.S. Differential use of person information in decision-making about guilt vs. innocence: The role of implicit theories // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1999, no 25, pp. 17–27.
(28). Gopnik A. The Scientist as Child // Philosophy of Science, 1996, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 485–514.
(29). Gopnik A., Wellman H.M. Reconstructing constructivism: Causal models, Bayesian learning mechanisms and the theory theory // Psychol Bull., 2012, Nov; no 138(6), pp. 1085–1108.
(30). Job V., Dweck C.S., Walton G.M. Ego Depletion-Is It All in Your Head?: Implicit Theories About Willpower Affect Self-Regulation // Psychological Science, 2010, no 21(11), pp. 1686–1693.
(31). Jylkkä J. Concepts and Reference: Defending a Dual Theory of Natural Kind Concepts. Dissertation, University of Turku (2008).
(32). Keil F.C. Concepts, kinds, and cognitive development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989.
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(34). Maltby et. al. Implicit theories of a desire for fame // British Journal of Psychology, 2008, no 99, pp. 270–292.
(35). Margolis E., Laurence S. Concepts // The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Mind / Ed. by Stich S.P., Warfield T.A. December 2002, Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 190–213
(36). Neimeyer R.A. An invitation to constructivist psychotherapies // R.A. Neimeyer & M.J. Mahoney (Eds.), Constructivism in psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1995, pp. 1–8.
(37). Neisser U. The concept of intelligence // R.J. Sternberg & D.K. Detterman (Eds.). Human intelligence: Perspectives on its theory and measurement. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1979, pp. 179–189.
(38). Norman W.T., Goldberg L.R. Raters, ratees, and randomness in personality structure // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1966, Dec., vol. 4(6), pp. 681–691.
(39). Patalano A.L., Smith E.E., Jonides J. and Koeppe R.E. PET evidence for multiple strategies of categorization // Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, 2001, no 1(4), pp. 360–370.
(40). Premack D., Woodruff G. Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? // Behav. Brain Sci. 1978, no 1, pp. 515–526.
(41). Rosch E., Mervis C.B. Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories // Cognitive Psychology, 1975, no 7, pp. 573–605.
(42). Rosch E. Cognitive representations of Semantic Categories // Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 1975, no 104(3), pp. 192–233.
(43). Rosch E. Principles of categorization // E.Rosch & B.B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1978.
(44). Smith E.E. Three distinctions about concepts and categorization // Mind and Language, 1989, no 4(1–2), pp. 57–61
(45). Sternberg R.J. Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
(46). Sternberg R.J. Intelligence, wisdom, and creativity: Three is better than one // Educational Psychologist, 1986, no 21, pp. 175–190.
(47). Sternberg R.J. Culture and Intelligence // American Psychologist, 2004, no 59(5), pp. 325–338.
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