Социо- и психолингвистические исследования

FROM NORM TO FLEXIBILITY: LINGUISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TEACHER’S SPEECH AFFECTING TEACHING PERFORMANCE

Valentina S. Bratash — 2026-01-02

The article proposes a corpus-based approach to analyzing teachers’ “live” speech and introduces a linguistic profile as a set of measurable features of oral communication. Drawing on transcripts of 55 classroom audio recordings (grades 5–9, six subjects) and methods of automatic text analysis, the article describes the grammatical and lexical characteristics of effective teaching practices. The speech of more effective teachers is characterized by greater syntactic variability, higher lexical density, and the use of more personalized forms of address. Based on these findings, we outline proposals to expand the functionality of the “Teacher’s Assistant” service being developed by “SberEducation”.

REPETITIONS IN CLASSROOM DISCOURSE: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC STUDY

Elena S. Zatevalova — 2026-01-02

The paper describes an experimental study on how school students identify exact immediate repetitions in teachers’ speech. The study uses audio fragments from Russian language, literature and geography lessons (grades 7–9) that contain repetitions of nouns, verbs and particles. In the experiment 98 students listened to sequences of stimuli and fillers and were asked to identify if there was an exact immediate repetition in every fragment. The results show that identification accuracy depends on the part of speech of the repeated element, the presence of pauses, and changes in intonation within the repeated fragment. The data also reveal differences in identification accuracy depending on the participants’ gender and grade.

POPULARISATION TECHNIQUES IN SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS: STRUCTURING OF TEXT CONTENT

Pavel N. Trushchelev — 2026-01-02

The article presents a psycholinguistic study of expository texts that employ popularisation techniques. The aim was to examine structural characteristics of such texts. The material consisted of two texts taken from (Russian) school textbooks in Geography: one employed popularisation techniques, while the other did not. The study utilised the keyword extraction method. Keywords were extracted by 40 school students and 24 university students. The way the participants extracted keywords differed depending on the text type. The keywords extracted from the text with popularisation techniques more accurately represented its main ideas. School students tended to extract keywords that captured specific and clarifying details. So, they extracted words embodying popularisation techniques.

DYNAMIC ASPECTS OF MULTIMODAL REPRESENTATION OF VIRTUAL SPACE

Aleksandar Taleski — 2026-01-02

The study is devoted to the analysis of dynamic aspects of the multimodal representation of virtual space, based on the integration of verbal and visual data to identify cognitive models of spatial representation. The research is grounded in a comprehensive experiment involving 20 participants, which included the recording of oral narrations of virtual space and the construction of its visual mental maps. The collected data were modeled using multimodal visual analytics tools (Semograph, Creative Maps Studio, SciVi, Python), which ensured their formalization and comparability. The analysis of the modeled data made it possible to identify textual and illustrative models of virtual space representation, for which similar structural patterns were revealed. Textual models reflect the semantic-functional structure of space, whereas visual models convey its quantitative-spatial parameters. Dynamic models revealed the core and periphery of cognitive connections and demonstrated differentiating features characteristic of multimodal information reproduction.

LEXICAL DIVERSITY, LENGTH OF TEXT, FREQUENCIES OF PARTS OF SPEECH AS INDICATORS OF SOCIOLINGUISTIC VARIATION

Ekaterina S. Khudiakova — 2026-01-02

The study examines the extent to which three indicators (the lexical diversity (LD), the length of text in tokens (word forms), and the frequency of different parts of speech) demonstrate sociolinguistic variation in oral monologues. Based on a balanced sample of authors (N=48), adjusted for factors gender, age, specialty, and education level, statistical indicators of sample differences were calculated. The study utilized exclusively machine analysis methods using Python scripts. The results showed that, in the studied material, the lexical diversity parameter differs only depending on the "age" factor; the volume also differentiates the texts of younger and older informants. The frequencies of parts of speech vary significantly between the texts of men and women, and their qualitative differences likely reflect text-generation strategies.

THE WORD VSYO AS AN ETIQUETTE OF FAREWELL IN EVERYDAY COMMUNICATION IN RUSSIAN

Arina S. Zagrebelnaya — 2026-01-02

This article examines the word VSYO, which functions as a farewell etiquette formula in everyday speech. Two speech corpora served as sources for the analysis: the oral speech subcorpus of the Russian National Corpus (RNC) and the "One Speech Day" corpus of everyday Russian. The analysis revealed the frequency of use of the formal farewell with the component VSYO in various communicative situations characteristic of formal and informal speech, as well as the variability of the formation of chains in which the word VSYO functions as a farewell in combination with other conversational end markers. These observations are important for speech culture, lexicography, translation, and the teaching of Russian as a foreign language.

THE GRAMMATICALIZATION PROCESS OF THE RUSSIAN GERUND "NACHINAYA"

Anna A. Shaposhnikova — 2026-01-02

The article explores the grammaticalization process of the Russian gerund nachinaya (‘starting’) in contemporary written discourse. Based on the data from the Russian National Corpus, the study analyzes the transition of the gerund from a lexical to a functional unit, specifically its evolution into a preposition and a conjunction. The research highlights key mechanism of grammaticalization, including semantic bleaching, loss of connection with the semantic subject, morphological specialization, and the emergence of new syntactic patterns. The findings demonstrate that nachinaya increasingly functions as a grammatical marker. The novelty of the study lies in its comprehensive description of this linguistic transformation and the identification of factors influencing the integration of nachinaya into the system of Russian functional words.

“SLINGOMAMY VSEKH STRAN, PRISOEDINYAJTES’!”: THE PRECEDENT TEXT AS A FUNCTIONAL MODEL & A MODEL OF FUNCTIONING

Xenia A. Peresypkina — 2026-01-02

The present article is devoted to a theoretical conceptualisation of the precedence phenomenon. It focuses on a discussion of the concepts of “precedent text” and “modified precedent text”, along with a range of related terms. The central aim of the work is to examine the process and outcomes of the circulation of a precedent text in communicative practice. By virtue of its inherently constitutive features, such a text can generate not only individual modifications but also stable models of transformation. The paper also considers a particular instance of a related phenomenon, which involves the replacement of one or more elements of the original precedent text. This specific case has been termed “the phenomenon of comic passe-partout”.

WORD-FORMATION MODELS WITH PATRONYMIC SEMANTICS IN THE COMONYMY OF PERM KRAI

Ivan A. Podjukov — 2026-01-02

This article analyses the names of small villages (comonyms) in the Kama region, primarily those with conspicuous patronymic semantics, i.e., containing a reference to the name of parents or ancestors. These names, including their family professions and occupation, nationality, and family nicknames (associated with archaic cults), are examined by their areas of use, internal form, and motivation. The purpose of the description is to identify the reasons for the activity of particular toponymic patterns with patronymic formants, their characteristics, and their origins. Conclusions are drawn about how common names with patronymic meanings reflect the characteristics of the Old Believer worldview and attitude toward names.

THE REALIZATION OF CULTURAL CODES IN PERM FOLK ZOONYMY

Ekaterina N. Svalova — 2026-01-02

This article examines the realization of certain cultural codes in Perm zoonymy: color, plant, sound, and others. Animal naming methods are characterized. Based on the informants' live speech, brief histories of the origins of modern zoonyms are presented, along with observations on how they reflect animal behavior and physical characteristics. The article also illustrates the unique "polished" nature of nominations, conditioned by the peculiarities of everyday name use, some instances of language play are mentioned. Conclusions about the relationship between nicknames-zoonyms and the human psychoemotional world are drawn.

TYPOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF PERSONAL NAME VARIANTS OF OLD BELIEVERS OF PERM PRIKAMYE IN THE XIX – FIRST QUARTER OF THE XXI CENTURIES

Evgeniya V. Zapolskih — 2026-01-02

The paper is devoted to the typological description of 6948 personal name variants among the Old Believers in Prikamye from the 19th to the first quarter of the 21st centuries (a total of naming). These variants represent various forms of personal names (Church Slavonic and popular name forms) recorded in official records (in birth registers of metric books). Converted, adopted, standardized, contaminated and transonymized name variants are described. The classification of name variant types is based on the cause of their transformations – a systemic factor – since the linguistic system, anthroponymic and hagioanthroponymic subsystems influenced name transformations.

VOCABULARY OF CHINESE STUDENT JARGON: MOTIVATIONAL ASPECT

Mariia A. Granova — 2026-01-02

The article is devoted to the consideration of the vocabulary of Chinese student jargon in the motivational aspect. The aim of the study is to determine the motivational basis of these units and to construct motivational models through which their semantics develops. The research material was 31 jargonisms collected during a survey of Chinese students at Perm State University. It has been established that the motivational basis for the vocabulary of Chinese student jargon consists of words from 7 semantic spheres: the largest number of jargons are formed from words of the motivational sphere “Human”; The second place in terms of the volume of formed jargon units is occupied by the spheres of “Nature” and “Food”; some jargonisms arose from the lexemes of the spheres of “Color”, “Time”, “Space” and “Information Technology”. It is revealed that jargonisms reflect important phenomena of Chinese student life, the main one among which is hypercompetition between students.

THE IMAGE OF ART IN THE LINGUISTIC WORLDVIEW OF RUSSIAN AND CHINESE YOUTH (BASED ON AN ASSOCIATIVE EXPERIMENT)

Mariia V. Pigaleva — 2026-01-02

The article represents the results of an associative experiment with the stimulus word “art”/‘艺术’ yìshù, conducted with Russian and Chinese informants. Participants were asked to write a chain of associations consisting of at least 30 responses. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 25 years old, were studying at or had graduated from a higher education institution, and the sample was balanced by gender. The data obtained were subjected to component analysis, with responses distributed among semantic groups.

TRADITIONAL SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES IN THE LINGUISTIC AWARENESS OF RUSSIAN AND CHINESE STUDENTS

Marina V. Garanovich — 2026-01-02

This socio- and psycholinguistic experimental study presents models of traditional core spiritual and moral values in Russian and Chinese societies. The meaning structures of words and concepts (freedom, patriotism, civic consciousness, family, work, collectivism, and intergenerational continuity) verbalizing traditional values of the collectivist cultures to which Russia and China belong are described based on naive interpretations of the concepts studied by 20 Russian and 20 Chinese students as young people. The types of interpretation of the concepts studied are also described (the relationship between specialized and everyday semantic components in their structures is examined). The study confirmed the connection between cultural characteristics reflected in different cultural typologies and the understanding of traditional spiritual and moral values.